Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NASM PERSONAL TRAINING > THE CARDIORESPIRATORY, ENDOCRINE, AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS > Flashcards

THE CARDIORESPIRATORY, ENDOCRINE, AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS Flashcards

(101 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

a system of the body composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

a system of the body, also known as the circulatory system that transports blood to tissues of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

THORATIC CAVITY

A

chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MEDIASTINUM

A

the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all of the internal organs of the chest except the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

muscle of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

the type of muscle tissue that connects to the bones and generates the force that creates movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

an involuntary non striated muscle type that is found in organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MYOFIBRILS

A

The contractile components of a muscle cell; the myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within a myofibril.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SARCOMERE

A

the structural unit of a myofibril, composed of actin and myosin filaments between two z lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ATRIUM

A

superior chambers of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

VENTRICLE

A

inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

INTERCALATED DISCS

A

found in the heart, these formations help hold together muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RESTING HEART RATE (RHR)

A

the number of beats per minute while the heart is at complete rest (average RHR is 60-100 bpm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

A

located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) NODE

A

located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

STROKE VOLUME

A

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

END-DIASTOLIC VOLUME

A

the filled volume of the ventricle before contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

END-SYSTOLIC VOLUME

A

the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HEART RATE

A

the measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BRADYCARDIA

A

when heart rate is less than 60 BPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TACHYCARDIA

A

when heart rate is higher than 100 BPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT (Q)

A

the overall performance of the heart (heart rate x stroke volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GROWTH FACTORS

A

substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid in growth and development and help with healing after an injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WHAT 3 TYPES OF CELLS ARE IN BLOOD?

A

red, white, and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
WHAT DO RED BLOOD CELLS DO?
carry oxygen from lungs throughout the body
26
WHAT DO WHITE BLOOD CELLS DO?
help fight infections
27
WHAT DO PLATELETS HELP WITH?
blood clotting and healing after injury
28
WHAT ARE THE SUPPORT MECHANISMS OF BLOOD?
transportation, regulation, protection
29
STEM CELLS
Cells within the body that divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells.
30
BLOOD VESSELS
network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body
31
ARTERIES
arteries carry blood away from heart and to the lungs
32
CAPILLARIES
the smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues
33
VEINS
vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs
34
ARTERIOLES
small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries
35
VENULES
small veins that allow blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins
36
VASCULOGENESIS
the formation of new capillaries
37
ANGIOGENESIS
the formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels
38
VENOUS POOLING
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.
39
BLOOD PRESSURE (BP)
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.
40
PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
the amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for the blood to flow
41
HYPERTENSION
consistently elevated blood pressure
42
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
a bodily system, also known as the pulmonary system, that brings oxygen into the lungs from breathed air while removing carbon dioxide from the lungs in the outside air; includes airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles
43
RESPIRATORY PUMP
composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissue (muscle) that work together to allow for proper respiratory mechanics as well as pumping blood back to the heart during inspirationf
44
INSPIRATION
the process of contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body
45
EXPIRATION
the process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body
46
WHICH BONES ARE PART OF THE RESPIRATORY PUMP?
sternum, ribs, vertebrae
47
WHICH MUSCLES ARE PART OF THE RESPIRATORY PUMP?
inspiration muscles (diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor) and expiration muscles (internal intercostals, abdominals)
48
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
muscles between individual ribs
49
SCALENES
sides of neck muscles
50
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
front of neck muscle
51
PECTORALIS MINOR
smaller chest muscle
52
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
muscles in between individual ribs
53
VALSALVA MANEUVER
a process that involves expiring against a closed wind pipe creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability. (temporarily increases blood pressure)
54
DIFFUSION
the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body
55
TACHYPNEA
respiratory rate that is too high- greater than 24 breaths per minute
56
BRADYPNEA
respiratory rate that is too low- lower than 8 breaths per minute
57
DYSPNEA
shortness of breath or labored breathing
58
DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
breathing deeply by allowing the expansion of the abdominal area
59
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY ROLE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
to ensure proper cellular function
60
WHAT IS THE LITERAL DEFINITION OF ENDOCRINE
hormone secreting
61
WHAT DOES THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DO
produces hormones that regulate a variety of bodily functions, including mood, growth/development, tissue function, metabolism, etc.
62
LIPOLYSIS
the breakdown and utilization of fat for energy
63
ENZYME
a substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change
64
GLANDS
organs that release substance into the bloodstream (such as hormones)
65
HORMONE
chemical messenger released from glands that travel to cells to activate a specific function
66
TARGET (RECEPTOR) CELL
cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. target cells exert an action after being activated
67
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY ENDOCRINE GLANDS
hypothalamus, pineal, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and reproductive
68
HYPOTHALAMUS GLAND
a gland located in the brain that communicated with the pituitary gland
69
PINEAL GLAND
small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin which regulates sleep cycles
70
PANCREAS
an organ with multiple functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices
71
THYROID GLAND
an endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones including thyroxin and calcitonin
72
PITUITARY GLAND
An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.
73
ADRENAL GLAND
A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.
74
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.
75
INSULIN
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.
76
GLUCAGON
a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin
77
SUBSTRATES
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
78
GLYCOGEN
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.
79
WHICH GLAND IS REFERRED TO AS THE MASTER GLAND?
the pituitary gland.
80
GROWTH HORMONE
An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.
81
CATECHOLAMINES
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.
82
CATABOLIC
Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.
83
GLUCONEOGENSIS
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).
84
OVERTRAINING
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.
85
TESTOSTERONE
A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.
86
ANABOLIC
Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.
87
INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTORS (IGF)
Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.
88
GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.
89
GALL BLADDER
an organ found below the liver, on the right side of the body, that receives bile from the liver and secretes it into the duodenum
90
LIVER
An organ in the upper-right abdominal cavity with numerous functions, including the production and secretion of bile, which is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder prior to release into the duodenum.
91
MOTILITY
In the digestive system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through.
92
MASTICATION
The mechanical process whereby the oral muscles break down food.
93
PERISTALSIS
The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion.
94
DIGESTION
Multistep process that describes the passage of food through the body.
95
ABSORPTION
The process of nutrients being absorbed into the body during the digestive process.
96
ESOPHAGUS
The anatomical part of the digestive tract that allows food to pass from oral cavity to stomach.
97
INGESTION
The act of taking food, liquid, or other substances into the body in preparation for digestion.
98
CHYME
A semifluid mass of digested food that is passed from the stomach to the small intestine.
99
DUODENUM
Part of the small intestine that resides between the stomach and the jejunum.
100
JEJUNUM
Part of the small intestine that resides between the duodenum and the ileum.
101
ILEUM
The final section of the small intestine, located between the jejunum and the cecum and leads to the large intestine.

NASM PERSONAL TRAINING (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions