The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Delivers gases nutrients and hormones to the cells and tissues. Removes waste products.

Question 2

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Blood, the circulatory system and the heart.

Question 3

What is the role of blood in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

Suspends substances to be carried around the body

Question 4

What is the role of the circulatory system in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

Carries the blood to and from the cells and tissues.

Question 5

What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 5

Acts as a pump to circulate the blood.

Question 6

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 6

Arteries

Question 7

Which vessels return blood to the heart?

Answer 7

Veins

Question 8

How are arteries and veins connected?

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

What is the role of capillaries

Answer 9

Site of gas/nutrient exchange

Question 10

How do you count the arterial pulse?

Answer 10

Pressing a superficial artery against a bone. Pulse sites: Carotid, radial, ulna, facial, temporal, dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial.

Question 11

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood from and to?

Answer 11

From the heart to the lungs

Question 12

Where does the pulmonary vein carry blood from and to?

Answer 12

From the lungs to the heart

Question 13

What are the 3 layers that make up blood vessels?

Answer 13

Tunica intima (endothelium), tunica media (muscle layer) and tunica externa (adventia – connective tissue).

Question 14

In comparison to veins, do arteries have thinner or thicker walls?

Answer 14

Thicker

Question 15

In comparison to veins, do arteries have a smaller or larger lumen?

Answer 15

Smaller – because arteries have thicker walls.

Question 16

Of arteries and veins, which have valves?

Answer 16

Veins

Question 17

What are the 3 types of arteries?

Answer 17

Elastic (conducting), muscular (distributing) and arterioles (resistance vessels)

Question 18

There are 3 types of capillaries, what are they?

Answer 18

Continuous, fenestrated and sinusoids

Question 19

What connects arterioles with venules?

Answer 19

Metarterioles

Question 20

What do precapillary sphincters do and where are they located?

Answer 20

They control the flow to individual capillary beds. They are located at the opening of each capillary.

Question 21

What is the role of venules?

Answer 21

Collecting blood from capillary beds and delivering it to small veins

Question 22

What makes up the lymphatic system?

Answer 22

Network of lymph vessels, lymph and lymphatic tissues and organs

Question 23

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 23

Involved in the bodys defence mechanism and provides a mechanism for the drainage of interstitial fluid.

Question 24

At what end of the capillary does fluid move into the interstitial space?

Answer 24

The arterial end

Question 25

At what end of the capillary does fluid move back into the capillary?

Answer 25

The venous end

Question 26

Approximately what percentage of fluid is left in the interstitial space?

Answer 26

15%

Question 27

How is the excess fluid in the interstitial space returned to the blood?

Answer 27

Via the lymph vessels in the lymphatic system

Question 28

What happens when the excess fluid in the interstitial space is not drained?

Answer 28

Oedema

Question 29

29- The right lymphatic duct drains the right side of the head, thorax and right upper limb via:

Answer 29

The right lymphatic duct to the right subclavian vein.

Question 30

30- The thoracic duct drains the left side of the body and the bottom right side of the body via:

Answer 30

The thoracic duct to the left subclavian vein.

Question 31

Where is the heart located? | The thorax between the lungs.

Answer 31

Between the 2nd and 5th ribs with the apex of the heart slightly to the left.

Question 32

How is the heart protected?

Answer 32

By the ribs and the body of the sternum

Question 33

The pericardium consists of:

Answer 33

Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

Question 34

What does fibrous pericardium do?

Answer 34

Prevents the heart overfilling

Question 35

What does serous pericardium do?

Answer 35

Has serous fluid to prevents friction of the heart.

Question 36

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 36

Endocardium (inner), myocardium (muscle) and epicardium (outer)

Question 37

Where are the pectinate muscles found in the heart?

Answer 37

In the right atrium

Question 38

When are the atrioventricular valves open?

Answer 38

When the blood is flowing from the atria to the ventricles

Question 39

The atrioventricular valves are anchored to papillary muscles to prevent eversion of the valves during ventricular contraction by what?

Answer 39

Chordae tendinae

Question 40

What is the role of valves in the heart?

Answer 40

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 41

When are the semilunar valves open?

Answer 41

When the blood is being pumped out of the ventricles to prevent backflow into the ventricles.

Question 42

What do coronary angiograms do?

Answer 42

Determine whether there is a blockage in the coronary arteries

Question 43

The conducting system of the heart consists of:

Answer 43

The sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, the bundle of his, right and left bundle branches and the purkinjie fibres.

Question 44

What does an electrocardiogram do?

Answer 44

Records the spread of electrical activity through the heart muscle.

Question 45

On an electrocardiogram what does the P wave represent?

Answer 45

Depolarisation of the atria

Question 46

On an electrocardiogram what does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 46

Depolarisation of the ventricles

Question 47

On an electrocardiogram what does the T wave represent?

Answer 47

Repolarisation of the ventricles

Question 48

How does foetal circulation differ to adult circulation?

Answer 48

Oxygen and nutrients are received from placenta via umbilical cord. Blood bypasses non-functional lungs and liver.

Question 49

After birth what happens to the pressure in the left side of the heart?

Answer 49

It rises

Question 50

After birth what happens to the pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary circulation?

Answer 50

It falls