The Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

Answer 1

Production of androgens (sex hormones), production, storage and nourishment of gametes and introduction of male gametes into female reproductive tract

Question 2

What are the main components of the male reproductive system?

Answer 2

Testes, scrotum, ducts, glands and penis

Question 3

What ducts are involved in the male reproductive system?

Answer 3

Epididiymal duct, vas deferens and urethra

Question 4

What glands are involved in the male reproductive system?

Answer 4

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral

Question 5

Which division process produces gametes?

Answer 5

Meiosis

Question 6

What is spermiogenesis?

Answer 6

The development of spermatids into mature spermatozoa

Question 7

What is contained in the acrosome in the sperm head?

Answer 7

Enzymes that break down the walls of the unfertilised egg

Question 8

What are sertoli cells required for?

Answer 8

The maturation of a spermatozoa

Question 9

Sertoli cells secrete testicular fluid. What is in testicular fluid?

Answer 9

Inhibin, androgen-binding proteina and mullerian-inhibiting substance

Question 10

What is the effect of a high sperm count on the release of inhibin?

Answer 10

Inhibin increases

Question 11

How many mL per ejaculation (male)?

Answer 11

2-5mL

Question 12

What happens in the epididymis?

Answer 12

It is the site of storage and maturation of spermatozoa

Question 13

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 13

It is the duct for transport of sperm

Question 14

What are the main internal genitalia of the female reproductive system?

Answer 14

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 15

What are the main external genital of the female reproductive system?

Answer 15

Mons pubis, labia and clitoris

Question 16

What is oogenesis?

Answer 16

The production or development of an ovum

Question 17

How many eggs on average will a woman release in a lifetime?

Answer 17

300

Question 18

The fallopian tube has 4 parts what are they?

Answer 18

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and intramural segment

Question 19

At the end of the fallopian tubes there are ciliated….. what do they do?

Answer 19

Fimbriae move to produce currents and peristalsis

Question 20

What are the functions of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 20

Convey the oocyte from peritoneal cavity to the uterus and is the site of fertilisation (usually ampulla)

Question 21

The uterus is made up of 3 parts, what are they?

Answer 21

Fundus, body and cervix

Question 22

Uterus has 3 membranes, what are they?

Answer 22

Perimetrium (covers peritoneum), myometrium (smooth muscle layer) and endometrium (mucous membrane)

Question 23

The endometrium has two zones, the functional zone and the basal zone. Which zone is shed monthly?

Answer 23

The functional zone

Question 24

On which day of the menstrual cycle is the egg usually released?

Answer 24

Day 14

Question 25

The mammary glands consist of…

Answer 25

Adipose tissue, glandular tissue and fibrous tissue

Question 26

Which tissue in the mammary glands produce milk?

Answer 26

Glandular tissue – this tissue increases during pregnancy to prepare for lactation

Question 27

Where is prolactin released and what does it do?

Answer 27

Released in the anterior pituitary and it stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk

Question 28

What do acini cells in the mammary glands do?

Answer 28

Synthesise milk proteins and lipids

Question 29

Where is oxytocin released from and what does it do?

Answer 29

It is released from the posterior pituitary and it stimulates contractions in the uterus and stimulates ejection by mammary gland.

Question 30

What is the role of FSH?

Answer 30

Growth and development of follicles, causes release of oestrogen and inhibin by ovaries

Question 31

What does a high concentration of LH do?

Answer 31

Increases collagenase activity and increases prostaglandin levels. Prostaglandins cause ovarian walls to contract to extrude the oocyte.

Question 32

What is the main role of LH?

Answer 32

Causes ovulation and forms corpus luteum

Question 33

What is the role of progesterone and where is it released from?

Answer 33

Released from the corpus luteum in the ovary and prepares body for pregnancy. Causes lining of womb to thicken

Question 34

How does the combined pill work?

Answer 34

Contains progestin which mimics progesterone and contains oestrogen. It inhibits GnRH which inhibits LH therefore no ovulation

Question 35

What happens during the menopause?

Answer 35

There is a decrease in oestrogen therefore ovulation ceases and no more menstruation

Question 36

Vaginal fluid has an acidic pH of 4.3, what happens to the pH when sperm enters the vagina?

Answer 36

The pH rises to 7.2 in 10 seconds and acts as a buffer

Question 37

What is the name of a fertilised egg?

Answer 37

Zygote

Question 38

How many days after fertilisation does the embryo attach to the lining of the endometrium?

Answer 38

8 days

Question 39

What percentage of fertilised eggs do not develop to maturity?

Answer 39

50%