The Cell

Question 1

What is the study of cells?

Answer 1

Cytology

Question 2

A scientists who study cells

Answer 2

Cytologists

Question 3

True or False

All living things are not composed of cells.

Answer 3

False: All living things are composed of cells.

Question 4

True or False

All cells arise from existing cells through cell division.

Answer 4

False: All cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division.

Question 5

True or False

Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to daughter cells during cell division.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Barrier around the cell wall

Answer 6

Plasma Membrane

Question 7

Fluid inside the plasma membrane as well as supports multiple types of organelles

Answer 7

Cytosol

Question 8

True or False

The chemical composition of all cells is quite different.

Answer 8

False: The chemical composition of all cells is quite similar.

Question 9

Membrane-bound structure suspended in the cytosol

Answer 9

Organelle

Question 10

A gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell with Cytosol and organelles other than the nucleus

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Less organized and less dynamic cell

Answer 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 12

Highly organized structure

Answer 12

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 13

It does not have a nucleus and organelles (usually only ribosomes). Do not compartmentalize cell functions

Answer 13

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 14

It has a nucleus and organelles
(Plant cells vs Human cells)

Answer 14

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 15

Example of Prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

Example of Eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

1. Plant
2. Animal
3. Fungal cells

Question 17

Compounds containing phosphatidic acid and a fatty acid

Answer 17

Phospholipids

Question 18

A protein plus a carbohydrate

Answer 18

Glycoprotein

Question 19

A lipid plus at least one carbohydrate group

Answer 19

Glycolipid

Question 20

Give the 4 compositions of Cell Membrane

Answer 20

1. 2 layers of phospholipids
   Phospholipids are arranged in a double layer (bilayer)
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Sugars

Question 21

What are the two layers of the phospholipids

Answer 21

1. Hydrophilic: water-loving heads
2. Hydrophobic: water-fearing

Question 22

True or False

Hydrophilic: water-loving heads

• Oriented toward the aqueous environment both inside and outside the cell

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False

Hydrophobic: water-fearing

• Lipid portions of the molecules, sandwiched in the center

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Selectively allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste and secretory products to exit it

Answer 24

Semipermeable Barrier

Question 25

What are the two movements across the membrane?

Answer 25

1. Passive 2. Active

Question 26

Some ions and molecules cross freely; others can be moved across the membrane with the expenditure of energy; and still others cannot cross at all.

Answer 26

Semipermeable Barrier

Question 27

No need to spend energy. Also, Down a concentration gradient (H to L)

Answer 27

Passive Movement

Question 28

Give an example of Passive Movement

Answer 28

1. Filtration 2. Diffusion 3. Facilitated diffusion

Question 29

Energy-requiring process (ATP). Also, Against an concentration gradient via carrier proteins (L to H)

Answer 29

Active Movement

Question 30

Give an example of Active Movement

Answer 30

1. Sodium/potassium pump 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis

Question 31

Has a Passive Movement of a substance toward an area of lower concentration (H to L)

Answer 31

Diffusion

Question 32

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. Water moves in a direction that tends to equalize solute concentration on each side of the membrane

Answer 32

Osmosis