The Cell Flashcards
Centrifugation
Spinning, contents of sample settle at different rates
Autoradiography
Radioactive decay to follow biochemical processes, cells exposed to an essential compound (glucose, nucleotides, amino acids, etc) that they need to survive. Include radioactive atoms shows the distribution of radioactive material within cell tracks processes in cell
Although viruses cannot replicate independently…
They do contain a genome in the form of RNA or DNA
Prokaryotes
Bacteria, cell wall present, no nucleus, ribosomes 30s-50s, no membrane bound organelles, unicellular
Eukaryotes
Protista, fungi, plants, animals, nucleus, ribosomes 40s-60s, membrane bound organelles, unicellular or multicellular
DNA..
- Protein synthesis
2. genetic blueprint during cell replication
Mitochondria is..
Semiautonomous- contain own genes and replicate independently of the nucleus via binary fission
Cells that require a lot of energy for locomotion…
Have lots of mitochondria
Gradients that drive physiological function
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in tissues and lungs
- Urine formation in the kidney
- Depolarization of neurons and conduction of action potential
- Proton gradient in mitochondria
- Exchange of materials between maternal and fetal blood
Simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Concentration gradient- high to low,
Membrane protein required- no in simple diff. And osmosis, yes to facilitated diff.
Energy required- no all passive processes
Type of molecules transported- for simple diff./small, nonpolar (o2,co2) for osmosis/h2o for facilitated diff./polar molecules(glucose) or ion(na+,cl-)
Active transport
Concen. Gradient- low to high
Membrane protein required- yes
Energy required- yes active process, ATP
Molecules transported- polar molecules or ions
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lipid synthesis, detox of drugs and poisons
Mitochondrial DNA
Circular and self replicating
Nucleolus
rRNA synthesized
Ribosomes
Protein production
