The Cell: Classification and Structure of Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

Which domain is resistant to many antibiotics?

Answer 1

• Archea

Question 2

How are archea similar to eukaryotes?

Answer 2

• Start translation with methionine
• Contain similar RNA polymerases
• Have histones

Question 3

How are archea similar to prokaryotes?

Answer 3

• Have a single circular chromosome

- Divide by binary fission

Question 4

How do archea replicate?

Answer 4

• Binary fission

Question 5

All bacteria contain ___ and ___

Answer 5

• A cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 6

Why is it difficult to develop medicines that target only bacteria?

Answer 6

• Because bacteria and eukaryotes often share analogous structures

Question 7

How do medicines attack bacteria rather than eukaryotes?

Answer 7

• Bacterial ribosomes

Question 8

What essential function does bacteria perform for humans?

Answer 8

• The production of vitamin K in the intestine.

Question 9

What is required for the production of plasma proteins necessary for blood clotting?

Answer 9

• Vitamin K

Question 10

What are symbiotes?

Answer 10

• Organisms receiving mutual benefits

Question 11

What prevents the overgrowth of harmful bacteria?

Answer 11

• Biotin (vitamin B7)

Question 12

What are pathogens?

Answer 12

• They provide no advantage or benefit to the host, but cause dieases

Question 13

What shape are cocci bacteria?

Answer 13

• Spherical

Question 14

What shape are bacilli bacteria?

Answer 14

• Rod-shaped

Question 15

What shape are spirilli bacteria?

Answer 15

• Spiral-shaped

Question 16

What are obligate aerobes?

Answer 16

• Bacteria that require oxygen for metabolism

Question 17

What are anaerobes?

Answer 17

• Bacteria that use fermentation, or some other form of cellular metabolism that doesn’t require oxygen

Question 18

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 18

• Anaerobes that cannot survive in an oxygen-containing environment

Question 19

What are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 19

• Bacteria that can switch between metabolic processes

Question 20

What are aerotolerant anaerobes?

Answer 20

• Bacteria that cannot use oxygen for metabolism, but are not harmed by its presence

Question 21

What color is seen with gram positive?

Answer 21

• Stains deep purple; presence of a thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 22

What color is seen with gram negative?

Answer 22

• Stains pink-red; lack of thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 23

What are the two components of gram-positive cells?

Answer 23

• A thick layer of peptidoglycan

- Lipoteichoic acid

Question 24

What are the two components of gram-negative cells?

Answer 24

• An outer membrane containing phospholipids

- Lipopolysaccharides

Question 25

What is the part of a gram-negative bacteria that triggers an immune response in human?

Answer 25

- Lipopolysaccharides (lipoteichoic acid to a lesser degree)

Question 26

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 26

- The ability of a cell to detect chemical stimuli and move toward or away fro it

Question 27

What advantage do plasmids give bacteria?

Answer 27

- Plasmids carry DNA that is not necessarily for survival , but may provide advantages such as antibiotic resistance

Question 28

What are the ribosomes of prokaryotes?

Answer 28

- 30S | - 50S

Question 29

What are the ribosomes of eukaryotes?

Answer 29

- 40S | - 60S