The Cell Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
Cell Cycle
A
The life of a cell including:
- Cell growth
- DNA replication
- Preparation for mitosis and meiosis
- Two main stages: interphase and mitosis/cytokinesis
2
Q
Mitosis
A
The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell divides into two identical daughter cells
3
Q
DNA
A
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- The genetic material of the cell which carries the blueprint for how to build a cell
4
Q
Chromatin
A
DNA + proteins
5
Q
Chromosomes
A
- Condensed DNA
- Appear in mitosis
- Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 homologous pairs.
6
Q
Karyotype
A
- An organized profile of a person’s chromosomes
- The chromosomes are arranged and numbered by size, from largest to smallest
7
Q
Sister Chromatids
A
- Identical copies of a chromosome
- Joined by a centromere
8
Q
Interphase
A
- The cell grows, but only to a certain size
- Then the surface area gets too small for the volume, so the cell can’t get enough nutrients and waste in and out
- Three phases: G₁, S, and G₂
9
Q
First Growth Phase (G₁)
A
The cell produces new proteins and organelles (approximately 40% of the cell cycle)
10
Q
Synthesis Phase (S)
A
The DNA and centrioles are replicated and lined up in preparation for mitosis (approximately 30% of the cell cycle)
11
Q
Second Growth Phase (G₂)
A
The cell produces the organelles and structures needed for cell division (approximately 25% of the cell cycle)
12
Q
Mitosis (M)
A
- Cell division (approximately 5% of the cell cycle)
- The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell divides into two identical daughter cells
13
Q
Prophase
A
- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Spindle fibres form
- In animal cells, centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
- Nuclear structures and membranes break apart
14
Q
Metaphase
A
- Spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromatids
- Chromatids get pulled to cell’s equator
- Spindle fibres link chromatids to the centrioles at either end
15
Q
Anaphase
A
- Chromatids are pulled apart
- Separated chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell
