The cells (Unit 2) Flashcards
What is the definition of metabolism? (word for word)
-How cells use energy to build, break apart, store, and release substances in a controlled manner
List the characteristics of a phospholipids
-contains 2 unsaturated fatty acid chains
-one phosphate functional groups
-It is Amphipathic( hydrophobic and hydrophilic)
The fatty acids are hydrophobic and the phosphate functional group is hydrophilic
-The most common molecule in the cell membrane
List the characteristics of the plasma membrane/ cell membrane
-Its semi fluid/flexible
-Its semi permeable
- Contains 3 or 4 macromolecules( lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins)
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What does cholesterol do for our cell membrane? (three functions)
- Maintains fluidity of the cell membrane in cold temperature.
- Precursor molecule for the synthesis of vitamin D and steroid hormones.
- It Functions in intracellular transport, cell signaling, nerve conduction
What do Carbohydrates do for the cell membrane?
-Distinguish cell types
- Helps them stay together
What do Proteins do for the cell membrane?
- Moves substances in and out of the cell
- Regulates what goes in and out of the cell
- Does the work of life
What makes the cell membrane unique?
Its semi-permeable meaning its selective with what goes in and out
What are the three types of Passive transport?
-Osmosis
-simple diffusion
-facilitated Diffusion
-DO NOT REQUIRE ATP
Describe simple diffusion
-Molecules moved down a concentration gradient and through the phospholipid layer
Describe Osmosis
-The movement of water in and out of a cell.
- More water to less water
Describe facilitated Diffusion
-special proteins in the cell membrane help molecules move through
What is one protein that is used in facilitated diffusion?
-Aquaporins- They help large volumes of water move in to out of the cells quickly.
What do molecules that are going from a lower concentration gradient to a higher concentration gradient need?
ATP (cellular currency)
-FORM OF ENERGY YOUR BODY USES
What are the three types of transports that require ATP?
-Active Transport
-Exocytosis
-Endocytosis
Describe Active Transport
-movement of molecules through proteins against the concentration gradient using ATP.
describe -Exocytosis
-Movement of large molecules out of a cell within a vesicle
-requires ATP
Describe Endocytosis
-Movement of large molecules into a cell within vesicles.
-Requires ATP
What are Vesicles made of?
Phospholipids
What are the three types of endocytosis?
-Pinocytosis
-phagocytosis
-Receptor mediated endocytosis
Describe the function of pinocytosis
-“Cell Drinking”
-Fluid molecules are taken into the cell by forming a vesicle.
Describe Phagocytosis
-“Cell eating”
-Way of eating for single-celled life forms.
-Macrophage destroys bacteria through phagocytosis
Describe Receptor-mediated endocytosis
-Selective transport into cells
-use binding to bring in specific molecules
What are the 4 types of membrane Proteins?
-Transport/channel Proteins
-Receptor site proteins
- Cell adhesion/junction Proteins
- Cell recognition Protein
Describe the functions of Transport proteins within the cell membrane
-These proteins include hydrophilic channels that allow hydrophilic substances to cross the membrane without being repelled by the hydrophobic bilayer.
