The Cerebral Cortex - JV Flashcards
(17 cards)
Anatomically and generally speaking, the cerebral cortex creates what?
The surface of the hemispheres
Approximately how many neurons does the cortex contain?
80 to 100 billion
What contents of the cerebral cortex are implicated in higher mental processes like language, abstraction, motivation, perception, and reasoning?
Neurons, interconnecting axons, and synapses
The architecture of the cerebral cortex is not static and can be broken down into 4 different architectural types, what are they?
- Neocortex
- Allocortex
- Juxtallocortex (or periallocortex)
- Subcortical
95% of the cerebral cortex in humans is what type of architecture?
Neocortex
How many layers does the neocortex have?
6
The allocortex: 1. has how many layers? and
2. contains what other regions?
- 3 layers
2. Hippocampus (archicortex) and Olfactory (paleocortex)
The juxtallocortex/periallocortex has how many layers?
4-5
The contents of the juxtallocortex/periallocortex are what?
Entorhinal cortex
Parahippocampal gyrus
Cingulate cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
The subcortical architecture of the cerebral cortex contains what?
Amygdala and basal forebrain
In order name the 6 layers of the neocortex
I. Molecular –> II. External Granular –> III. External Pyramidal –> IV. Internal Granular –> V. Internal pyramidal –> VI. Polymorphous
What are the functions of of layers I-III of the neocortex?
Receives inputs from the cerebral cortex and outputs to other areas of the cortex, either association or commissural fibers
What layer(s) of the neocortex receives inputs from the Thalamus?
Layer IV - internal granular
Outputs to the striatum, brainstem and spinal cord are done from which layer of the neocortex?
Layer V - internal pyramidal
Outputs to the Thalamus are done through which layer of the neocortex?
Layer VI - polymorphous
Which layer of the neocortex is highly developed in somatosensory regions and why?
Layer IV - internal granular
Because those regions receive a lot of sensory inputs from the Thalamus
Pyramidal neurons and non-pyramidal neurons (interneurons) are located where?
Throughout the layers of the neocortex
- pyramidal neurons can be found in layers II, III, V, and VI
- interneurons can be found in/throughout any of the layers
