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Geography > The Challenge of Natural Hazards Part 3 > Flashcards

The Challenge of Natural Hazards Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does prediction of earthquakes involve

A

Seismometers to measure earth tremors

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2
Q

What does protection against earthquakes involve

A

Constructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse

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3
Q

What are some examples of building improvements

A

Rubber shock absorbers
Steel frames that sway
Open areas outside

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4
Q

What does preparation help with decreasing risk of earthquakes

A

Practicing increases chance of survival and reduces impact

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5
Q

Why does global atmospheric circulation help to determine

A

Patterns of weather and climate

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6
Q

Does air rise or fall at equator

A

Rise

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7
Q

What does air at the equator lead to

A

Low pressure and rainfall

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8
Q

When air reaches the edge of atmosphere at the equator where does it travel

A

North or south

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9
Q

What happens when the air reaches the tropics

A

Becomes denser and colder and falls creating high pressure and dry conditions

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10
Q

After the tropics where does the air start to rise again and descend

A

Rises at The circles and descends at the poles

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11
Q

What are the cells furthermost north and south called

A

Polar cells

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12
Q

What are the cells at the tropics called

A

Ferrel cells

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13
Q

What is are the cells called near the equator

A

Hadley cells

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14
Q

What happens at the Hadley cells

A

The ground is intensely heated by sun
This causes air to rise causing low pressure on earths surface
As air cools it forms thick cumulonimbus clouds causing rainy conditions
The air then moves north and south

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15
Q

In the northern hemisphere where to the winds flow to and what are they called

A

Right and are called northeast trade winds

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16
Q

In the Southern Hemisphere where does wind flow to and what is it called

A

Left and are called southeast trade winds

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17
Q

Why do trade winds move this way

A

Because of the Coriolis force and friction

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18
Q

What happens at the ferrel cell

A

Air on surface is pulled towards poles forming warm south westerly winds in north and north westerly winds in south
Pick up moisture as travel across oceans
Meet with cold air from poles
Warm air rises cold air doesn’t
Low pressure at surface and unstable weather conditions

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19
Q

What happens at polar cells

A

air is cooled and sinks towards ground forming high pressure
The flows towards circles
Cold air mixes with tropical air and rises upwards

20
Q

What are the three tropical storms

A

Hurricanes cyclones typhoons

21
Q

What is a tropical storm

A

Is a very powerful low pressure weather system which results in strong winds and heavy rainfall

22
Q

How strong are the winds in a tropical storm

A

Over 120 km/h

23
Q

How much rainfall received in a tropical storm

A

Up to 250 m in one day

24
Q

What is the Distribution of tropical storms

A

Between tropics, up towards south of USA, down towards north of Madagascar, up towards south of India, up towards south east Asia, down towards north of Australia

25
Q

What is the pressure at sea level

A

1013 millibars

26
Q

What are areas of high pressure called

A

Anticyclones

27
Q

What is an area with low pressure called

A

Depressions

28
Q

What does atmospheric circulation create

A

Winds across planet

29
Q

How wide are tropical storms

A

644 km wide

30
Q

How high are tropical storms

A

Up to 8km

31
Q

How fast do tropical storms move

A

60km/h

32
Q

What is the area in the middle of a tropical storm called

A

The eye

33
Q

How wide is the eye

A

Up to 48km across

34
Q

What are the features of the eye

A

Very light wind speeds and no rain as air is descending

35
Q

What is next to the eye

A

The eye wall

36
Q

What is the eye wall made up of

A

Cumulonimbus clouds

37
Q

What are the features of the eye wall

A

Warm moist air condenses as it rises
Heavy rainfall and high wind speeds

38
Q

Why does the air spin in tropical storms

A

Due to Coriolis force

39
Q

Where do tropical storms usually form between

A

5° and 30° latitude

40
Q

What temp does the sea have to be for a tropical storm to appear

A

27 degrees

41
Q

How do tropical storms develop

A

Water reaches 27 degrees
Water rises quickly causing low pressure
As air rises warm moist air is drawn upwards from above ocean creating strong winds
Rising air spirals upwards and cools
Water vapour condenses and forms clouds

42
Q

Why do tropical storms start to die when they reach land

A

No longer receiving heat energy and moisture from ocean

43
Q

How does climate change affect tropical storms

A

more can happen and in different locations to usual
Warmer seas could allow them to travel further
Coasts are at risk

44
Q

What will rising sea levels do to tropical storms

A

Make them more damaging and increases coastal flooding

45
Q

How do they record the intensity of a tropical storm

A

Saffir- Simpson scale

Geography (23 decks)

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