The Challenge Of Resource Management Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
Resource
A
A stock or supply of something that has a value or a purpose
2
Q
Reasons for imbalance of water
A
- variations in climate and rainfall
- water schemes are expensive
3
Q
How might water supply relate to development?
A
- water is vital for crops and food supply
- LICs use most water for agriculture
- HICs use most water for industry
- ways to capture rainwater is expensive and undeveloped countries can’t afford it
4
Q
Malnourished
A
Enough food but not enough variation of nutrients in food
5
Q
Undernourished
A
Not enough good
6
Q
Nourished
A
Enough food with enough nutrients
7
Q
Water stress
A
When the demand for water exceeds supply
8
Q
Global city that suffers from water stress
A
CAPE TOWN(South Africa)
- 1st major city to ‘run out of water’
- they believe that it could happen by 22nd April 2018, may then need to turn the taps off
- people will then need to collect a max of 60 gallons of water a day from collection sites
- water usage is caped 23 gallons a day
9
Q
Advantages and disadvantages of importing food in the UK in the past
A
Advantages
- less importing meaning less pollution
- more agricultural jobs
- improves country’s economy
- food is more fresh
Disadvantages
- not enough variety of food
- limited food due to seasonal produce
- malnourished diet due to limited variety
10
Q
Advantage and Disadvantages of importing food in the UK
PRESENT
A
Advantage
- Varied diet
- sometimes cheaper to import produce
- supports foreign countries
Disadvantage
-Food mile (carbon footprint) - the further it travels the higher the CO2 emissions
11
Q
Food provision in the UK
A
POTATOES FROM EYGPT
-grow and export 400,000 tones to the UK every year
- 500 liters of water per kg potatoes
- drill 350 meters into the ground for water
- potato seeds come from Scotland and are transported back to the UK from Ireland
12
Q
Reasons why the UK imports high proportion of food
A
- UK produce is expensive
- animal feed is expensive
- demand for greater choice of food and exotic foods
- unable to grow crops such as coca in the UK
13
Q
Importing of food in the UK
A
- the UK imports 40% of there food
- by 2037 the UK will have 73 million people so will need more food
14
Q
Food miles
A
Distance travelled by foods imported to the UK
15
Q
Carbon footprint
A
The emission of CO2 into the atmosphere
16
Q
Agribusiness
A
Treating farming as large commercial business
17
Q
High value goods
A
Food that cost a lot due to packaging and importing or cost a lot to grow out of season
18
Q
Importing high value goods from Kenya: Mangetout
A
♡Advantages
- It’s Kenya’s biggest income
- we can eat Mangetout out of growing season in the UK
♥Problems
- farmers only get a fraction of the price (unfairtrade ) that the product is sold for
- labourers in Kenya have no his security benefits
19
Q
Example of agribusiness in the UK
A
Lunsford house farm
- East Anglia
- large arable(wheat,crop) farm of 570 hectares
- main crops are wheat, sugar, beet and potatoes which are well suited for the warm climate
- high inputs of chemicals and machinery
- flat, fertile land is intensively farmed to maximise productivity and profitability
20
Q
Example of organic farms
A
Riverford organic farms
- Rural Devon
- supplied local people with fresh boxes of food delivered weekly
- no fertilisers and no chemicals
- expensive for people to buy
21
Q
Water surplus
A
Where supply exceed demand
22
Q
Water deficit
A
Where demand exceed supply
23
Q
Grey water
A
Waste water from people’s homes can be recycled and put to good use
24
Q
Reasons for the UK’s growing water demand
A
- growing population
- more houses being built
- increase in the use of water intensive domestic appliances
25
How can we save water?
- filtering water to remove sediment
- purifying water be adding chlorine
- monitoring the quality of river water
26
Why is their a need for water transfer?
-South east has lower rainfall than the north but it has a higher population so high demand low supply
27
Example of a water transfer scheme
ELAN VALLEY
- much of Birmingham’s tap water comes from 100km away
- 5 dams in Elan valley which supply Birmingham with 160 million liters of water a day
Reason for choosing the elan valley location
- deep narrow valleys to hold the water in
- impermeable rock means the water will not leak
- a high annual rainfall of 1830 mm
- the area is higher than Birmingham so water can flow down (gravity) rather than pumps
Future problems
- damage local environment
- Increase traffic noise from construction of dams
- wild life effected
28
Most water pollution are due to
- leaching from old mines
- industrial discharge
- chemical fertilisers in forming
- power stations
29
Energy mix
Range of energy sources of a region or country (both renewable and non-renewable )
30
Reasons why the UK's energy mix has changed
- decline in coal due to people being more aware of greenhouse gases
- 2/3 of the UK gas toil remain hard to access.
31
Number of homes in the UK
- 1970 → 19 million homes
| - 2017 → 27 million homes
32
what is the Paris agreement?
- climate change accord agreed by nearly 200 countries in December 2015
- came into force on 4th November 2016
- the agreement commits
- world leaders to keeping global warming below 2 degrees
- the UK will focus on trying to increase your renewable resources by 2020
33
Definition of fracking
Fracking(or hydraulic fracturing) is the technique used to get a type of gas found deep underground in shale rock
34
advantages and disadvantages of fracking
♡advantages
- cheaper to frack gas rather than importing it
- provides employment
- more self-sufficient
- increase energy security
- help balance trade
- helps to achieve the low carbon future
♥disadvantages
- fracking chemicals were found in drinking water
- has been linked to some minor earthquakes
35
factors affecting energy supply
| ☆Geology
What it is
-Type of rock that produces fossil fuel
How it increases energy supply
-Some countries have supply of fossil fuel
How it decreases energy supply
-Some countries do not have fossil fuel they need to import it
36
factors affecting energy supply
| ☆Climate
What it is
-The amount of sunshine and wind influences the ability of solar energy and wind energy
How it increases energy supply
-more sunshine means more solar energy
How it decreases energy supply
-less sunshine means less solar energy
37
factors affecting energy supply
| ☆Environmental conditions
What it is
-countries prone to drought, hazards and high rainfall
How it increases energy supply
- high rainfall in countries with large Rivers could produce lots of HEP
- areas with little rain but lots of sunshine could produce solar energy
How it decreases energy supply
-areas suffering from drought have low population and little infrastructure so it is hard to set up new power plants
38
factors affecting energy supply
| ☆Cost of exploitation and production
What it is
-cost to exploit locations
How it increases energy supply
-countries with access fossil fuels can export it and make a profit
How it decreases energy supply
-may cost a lot to input energy such as Gas
39
factors affecting energy supply
| ☆Technology
What it is
-helps get energy from less reliable sources
How it increases energy supply
-new technologies such as fracking allows us to increase access to share gas supply
How it decreases energy supply
-countries need the capital money to invest in new technology
40
factors affecting energy supply
| ☆Political factors
What it is
-which sources can be exploited
How it increases energy supply
-countries dependent on one energy source such as oil worry that they may not get a goal price so they start producing other energy
How it decreases energy supply
-Nuclear power
41
what can be done to help LICs have access to more energy and more sustainable energy
- exploit natural resources around them such as solar power and HEP
- provide fracking technology
- make it cheaper for LIC to import energy
42
definition of fossil fuel
A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
43
How can we improve energy security
- decrease energy demand introduce smart meters and more efficient appliance
- further explored Energy supply- fossil fuel and renewable potential
- better trade agreements
44
problems associated with accessing resources today
- need new expensive technology to access sources of energy such as at the bottom of the North Sea
- energy resources are often found in the world's most dangerous and environmentally sensitive regions (Amazon, Peru)
45
impact of energy on food production
- food production uses 30% of global energy
- energy is used for farming manufacturing and in manufacture fertilisers
- seen an increase in biofuels as they produce less emission
- LICs are often dependent on fire wood which is time consuming and affects agricultural production
46
impacts of energy insecurity on industry
- energy is essential for industry
- oil is used for manufacturing plastics
- regular power cuts in Pakistan due to oil shortages led to 500 companies in a large industrial area in Faisalabad to close
47
conflicts caused by energy insecurity
-Middle East has 40% of the Worlds gas and 50% of the world's oil
48
energy security
-A guaranteed supply and stable costs of supply
49
exploiting energy resources in the Arctic
☁Reasons for the rush to the Arctic for energy resources
-holds 13%(90 million) of the world's undiscovered oil resources and 30% of its natural gas
☁Environmental impact of oil & gas exploitation
-Recovery from damage would be slow due to low temp & short growing season
☁Economis impacts of oil and gas exploitation
- people demand higher wages to work there
- strict environmental controls are needed to prevent damage
50
How can renewable energy increase energy supplies
☺most effective
-Hydro electricity→ dams create enough water to generate electricity
- wind⌇✇→ Turbines are turned by wind to generate electricity
- Solar☀→ Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity
51
Problem with Fossil fuels
- Non renewable resourse
- High CO2 emission
- Expensive to import
- Mining has health risks
52
☹Problems with Nuclear energy
- High risk of radiation
| - Not every country has Uranium and it is expensive to import
53
Formation of oil and natural gas
-remains of sea plants & animals are covered by sand and sediment over time
-over millions of years the remains are buried deeper
-Lots of pressure and heat turns the remains into hydrocarbons
-Today, they are extracted by drilling down sand and rocks
-
54
Advantage and disadvantages of extracting natural gas
☺Advantages
- can be transported in a variety of ways
- provides employment for 1.2 million people
- less risk of environmental accidents than oil
☹Disadvantages
- Pipelines are expensive to build and maintain
- dangerous if handled or transported carelessly
55
Gas extraction in Peruvian Amazon (The Camisea project)
☺Advantages of Camisea project
- Save Peru $4 billion in energy cost
- Peru could make a big profit in gas exports
- Provides empolyment oppotunities and helps boots local economies
☹Disadvantages of Camisea project
- To build pipeline lots of trees were cut down which effected natural habitats
- Local people have low immun system to diseases introduced into the area by developers
- Landslides & pollution
56
Ways to make energy use more sustainable
- Energy conservation
| - Improve technology by Increasing capacity of transformers and batteries
57
Energy sustainable city (Dubai)
DUBAI
- first net-zero energy area in Dubai
- Makes its own electricity through solar panels
- Reuse waste water
- Recycle waste
- 500 townhouses and apartments, 2700 residents
58
Ways to reduce UK's energy demands
energy conservation
- using less hot water
- reducing temperature of houses
reducing carbon footprint
- buy electric cars
- taking less flights
- use less fossil fuels
- less importing of food
59
ways in which technology can increase the efficiency of fossil fuels
use carbon fiber in vehicles
→Ligher weight of vehicle means less fuel needed
Electric cars
→Does not release gases from exhaust
→less money spent on fuels
Biofuel
→No fossil fuel needed
→reduce emission by 40%
60
Reduce energy demand in houses
- Insulated windows and walls
- Use renewable sources(such as solar)
- Recycle
61
CASE STUDY for sustainable energy development
Malmo, Sweden
✿Where?
- Industrial city on Sweden's west coast
- population: 300,000
- sustainable urban development
✿energy saving strategies
- frequent buses and water taxis transport local people which reduces cars on the road which reduces energy demand
- Houses are well insulated so less heating is lost and house will remain heat for longer
✿technological advances
- sensor system turns light green on when a cyclist approaches this encourages more people to cycle which reduces energy
- smart meters in homes to encourage people to use less energy
✿energy efficiencies
- 100% renewable energy in all of the buildings
- 2MW wind turbine
- Buses use biofuel
62
characteristics a local renewable energy scheme should have in LICS
- Cheap to build
- Easy to maintain
- Reliable
- Affordable for all
- Accessible to all
63
case study: Chambamontera micro-hydro scheme location
Chambamontera is an isolated community in the Andes Mountains of Peru
64
why is the Chambamontera micro-hydro scheme needed?
- most people in the area are dependent on subsistence farming with some small-scale coffee growing and rearing of livestock
- development has been restricted by the lack of electricity for heat, light and water
- half of the population live on $2 a day
65
what does it involve?
Micro-hydro scheme supported by the charity Practical Action
- Total cost of $51 000
- Average cost per family was $750
66
How has the micro-hydro scheme benefited the community?
- provided local people with a subsistence source of energy
- provides renewable energy
- Has little environmental impact
- Has low maintenance and running costs
- Will last at least 25 years
