the changing economic world

Question 1

what is development of a country?

Answer 1

progress of economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that a country has made.

Question 2

what are some measures of development [10]

Answer 2

GNI, GDP, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, people per doctor, literacy rate, access to safe water, life expectancy, HDI

Question 3

what is GNI

Answer 3

the total value of goods and services produced by a country a year, including overseas income

Question 4

what is GDP

Answer 4

the total value of goods and services a country produces per year

Question 5

what is birth rate

Answer 5

the number of live births per thousand of the population per year

Question 6

what is death rate

Answer 6

the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

Question 7

what is infant mortality

Answer 7

the number of infants that die before the age of 1 year, per thousand babies

Question 8

what is people per doctor

Answer 8

the number of people for each doctor

Question 9

what is literacy rate

Answer 9

the percentage of adults who can read and write well

Question 10

what is HDI

Answer 10

number between 0-1 that is calculated using the life expectancy, education and wealth rates.

Question 11

strengths of using GNI as a measure of development

Answer 11

• easy to present data (graphs)
• easy to compare data (same currency)
• reliable (if the data can be trusted)

Question 12

weaknesses of using GNI as a measure of development

Answer 12

• people can lie about their income
• anomalies can mess up data

Question 13

strengths of using HDI as a measure of development

Answer 13

• easy to compare
• reveals global patterns
• tells us about a country’s health, welfare AND education

Question 14

weaknesses of using HDI as a measure of development

Answer 14

• people may lie
• anomalies mess up data

Question 15

draw a demographic transition model

Answer 15

http://tinyurl.com/5b5cz4fh

• that link has a good image of it

Question 16

what happens in stage 1 of the DTM

Answer 16

in stage 1, the population is low, and the birth and death rate are high, but fluctuating by a bit. this is due to low access to healthcare and contraception

Question 17

what happens in stage 2 of the DTM

Answer 17

in stage 2, the death rate plummets down, as the healthcare access is a lot better. the population starts to increase as the birth rate is still fairly high (due to lack of contraception methods)

Question 18

what happens in stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 18

in stage 3, the death rate continues to decrease, and the birth rate starts to fall at a higher rate. this is due to the discovery of reliable contraception methods

Question 19

what happens in stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 19

in stage 4 the population stays constant and then death rate is at its lowest as there is a good standard of living. the birth rate fluctuates but stays at a low rate

Question 20

what happens in stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 20

in stage 5, the birth rate is slowly staying constant as there are more women focusing on their careers, and have children later in life. this would lead to them having less children overall, so the population fluctuates. another reason for the fluctuation of population is that the death rate increases. this is because there are a higher proportion of elderly people, who are dying.

Question 21

physical causes for uneven development and why [3]

Answer 21

• natural hazards: lots of money needs to be spent rebuilding infrastructure
• few raw materials: less overall products to sell
• poor climate: not much crops will grow for both subsistence farming and selling

Question 22

historic causes for uneven development [2]

Answer 22

• conflict: development is slow after war as money is spent of weapons instead of development
• colonisation: when they gain independence, they struggle to develop as typically they lose raw materials and wealth

Question 23

economic causes for uneven development [3]

Answer 23

• poor trade links: higher trade links lead to higher development, so if the trade links is poor, they will be making less money, so less to spend on development
• debt: if a country needs to pay back debt, any money they make will be spent for paying back (sometimes w interest) instead of being used for development
• primary sector products: countries that export raw materials typically less developed as profit fluctuates

Question 24

consequences of uneven development [3]

Answer 24

• wealth: people in HIC typically get higher income so better quality of life
• health: healthcare in more developed countries is better
• migration: if there is a HIC near an NEE/LIC, people will legally migrate to the HIC for a better quality of life (eg. Mexico to USA

Question 25

strategies that can reduce the development gap [4]

Answer 25

- aid: money given to help develop - debt relief: interest lowered, debts cancelled - fair trade: farmers get paid a fair price for goods produced (LICs) - tourism: more money entering so can be put towards development

Question 26

p2. strategies that can reduce the development gap [4]

Answer 26

- investment: leads to better access to finance, tech and expertise so improved infrastructure etc - intermediate tech: machines that improve quality of life. eg solar power LED light bulbs, people can work in dark so improving productivity - industrial development: agriculture makes up a large portion of the economy. developing industry = better infrastructure etc - microfinance loans: small loans given to people in LICs so they can become financially independent

Question 27

what are trans-national corporations

Answer 27

companies that are located in, or produce and sell products in more than one country

Question 28

advantages of TNCs?

Answer 28

- create jobs - employees get a more reliable income - new tech brought into country - TNCs spend money to improve the infrastructure

Question 29

disadvantages of TNCs?

Answer 29

- employees are still exploited (paid less than they would've been paid in richer countries) - poor conditions ( have to work long hours) - profits typically go back to richer countries - business can relocate if cheaper country is found