Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P > The Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

The Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

1
Q

More hydroxyl’s than hydrogen’s

More OH- than H+

A

Alkaline or bases

pH range of 8-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neutral

A

pH of 7
Distilled Water/blood
Equal amounts of H+ & OH-
Buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Resist change in pH?

A

Buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acid

A

pH range 1-6
more H+ than OH-
more hydrogen than hydroxyl’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pH simply means

A

the power of hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electrolytes

A

Are Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Cohesion

A

hydrogen bonds hold molecules of water together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An example of cohesion

A

Water works as a lubricant or cushion to protect against damage from friction or trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

High heat of vaporization

A

Many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

evaporation of water in perspiration cools the body

A

Example of: high heat of vaporization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High “specific” Heat

A

hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break & release heat when they form, thereby minimizing temperature changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Body temperature stays relatively “constant”

A

Example: High “specific” Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strong Polarity

A

Polar water molecules attract other polar compounds which causes them to dissociate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Properties of water

A

Strong polarity
High Specific Heat
High heat of vaporization
Cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Strong polarity; example

A

Many kinds of molecules can dissolve in cells, thereby permitting a variety of chemical reaction allowing many substances to be transported.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

key reaction during anabolism
water is removed as smaller subunits are fused together
requires energy (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anabolism

A

Description of chemical reactions that form more complex biomolecules (macromolecules) from
smaller subunits: ATP (synthesis reaction)
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

transfers energy to cell components that need the energy to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AB—>A+B
H2O
Breaks down complex compounds to simpler ones and release energy from them.
This chemical reaction is called: Hydrolysis
(water breakdown)

A

Catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Catoblism

A

Describes chemical reactions that breakdown larger food molecules into smaller chemical units and in so doing often release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is used to describe all the chemical reactions that occur in body cells

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AB+CD—–>AD+CB
NaBr + KCl—–>NaCl+Br

breakdown or decompose, two compounds and in exchange synthesize two new compounds

A

Exchange Reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ab —–>A+B
H2O2——>H2O+O2

the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substance.

A

Decomposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A+B——->AB
H2 + O2 ——->H2O
Putting together

A

Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Before the arrow

A

Reactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

After the arrow

A

Product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Between charges
weakest bond
between compounds
polar compound

A

Hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Positive ION

A

Cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Negative ION

A

Anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
Between Ions
Form compound
soluble
electron transfer bond
Na----->Cl-
A

Ionic Bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
C,Si,H
form compunds
Insoluble
makes up most of body
strongest bond
electron sharing
A

Covalent bond

32
Q

Has a charge
an atom has gained or lost an electron
can be positively or negatively charged
ions with opposite charges are attracted to each other

A

Ions

33
Q

What are chemical bonds

A

reactions that holds atoms together

34
Q

gamma rays are

A

electromagnetic

dangerous

35
Q

Beta particles

A

can be dangerous

1 electron

36
Q

Alpha particles

A

2protons + 2 neutrons
Not dangerous
heavy particles

37
Q

Same # of protons

Different # of Neutrons

A

Isotopes

38
Q

Octet Rule

A

Only holds 8

39
Q

Protons + Neutrons=

A

Mass #

40
Q

Orbital, energy level, or shells

A

Where electrons disappear and reappear

Travel

41
Q

Atomic Structure

A

Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
core of the atom is the nucleus

42
Q

What are the four main elements found in the body

A

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

43
Q

Protons in the atom=

A

Atom #

44
Q

two or more elements are joined to form chemical combinations

A

Compounds

45
Q

Describe an element

A

element is pure and cannot be broken down into two

46
Q

anything that has mass and occupies a space

A

matter

47
Q

Carbohydrates are

A

Saccharides

48
Q

Ase

A

enzymes that breaks them apart

49
Q

ose

A

sugars

50
Q

Monosaccharide’s

A

(one sugar) Glucose

51
Q

Disaccharides

A

two sugars
glucose + glucose = Maltose
glucose + Galactose = Lactose
glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

52
Q

Polysaccharides

A

many monosaccharide’s chemically joined to form a straight or branched chains

53
Q

Glycogen

A

animal starch

main polysaccharide in the body

54
Q

Are non polar, water insoluble, organic

A

Lipids

55
Q

For Major Organic Substances

A

carbohydrates
lipids
protein’s
nucleic acids

56
Q

Steroids

A 
lipids
cholesterol
estrogen
testosterone
cortisol
57
Q

Prostaglandin

A

20 carbon unsaturated fatty acids
five carbon ring
lipids
tissue hormones

58
Q

Proteins four elements

A

oxygen
carbon
nitrogen
hydrogen

59
Q

make-up protein molecule are bonded together to form chemical units are called

A

amino acids

60
Q

Proteins are composed of

A

20 amino acids

9 are essential which must be induced because the body doesn’t make it

61
Q

What are the four levels of protein

A

Primary: chain of amino acids
Secondary: coils or folds
Tertiary: one protein (larger 3d shape)
Quaternary: multiple proteins

62
Q

Structural Proteins

A

Provide Structure

63
Q

Functional Proteins

A

Provide Function

64
Q

The structure of ATP

A

one adenosine group
three phosphate groups
A-P-P-P

65
Q

what are the two kinds of base pairs in DNA

A

A ( 2 hydrogen bonds) T

G ( 3 hydrogen bonds) C

66
Q

how many pairs are estimated in one human molecule

A

more than 100 million pairs

67
Q

Pyrimidine’s

A

Single ring; Cytosine and Thymine

68
Q

Purines

A

Two rings Adenine and Guanine

69
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Assembly of DNA strands

70
Q

When a protein loses its functional shape

A

denaturation

71
Q

Immunoglobulin (antibody)

A

FIGHTS INFECTION

72
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA
RNA
Nucleotides

73
Q

Visualizing proteins

A

most commonly used; Ribbon Model

74
Q

s~s bonds that form between cysteine’s

A

disulfide linkages

75
Q

reinforces, connects tissues of the body

A

Collagen

76
Q

Digest Proteins

A

Chymotrypsin

A & P (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions