THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES Flashcards
(100 cards)
In student-centered teaching, what key element shifts the focus from teacher-led instruction to fostering independent learning?
Learner’s active participation and metacognition.
Which pedagogical approach explicitly emphasizes students’ awareness and regulation of their own thinking processes, often described as “thinking about thinking”?
Metacognitive approach.
What are three strategies teachers can use to ensure inclusive learning for students from diverse cultural, economic, and ability backgrounds?
Differentiated instruction, UDL, and culturally responsive materials.
According to developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), what three factors must teachers consider when designing lessons for young learners?
Age, individual needs, and socio-cultural context.
Why do theorists like Vygotsky and Piaget consider play a non-negotiable component of early childhood education?
It builds cognitive, social, and motor skills through exploration.
How should teachers modify instruction to address gender differences without reinforcing stereotypes?
Use gender-neutral materials and equitable opportunities.
Based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, what is the primary purpose of a responsive learning environment?
To adapt to learners’ cultural, economic, and familial contexts.
What are two practical ways teachers can support students from low-income families without singling them out?
Low-cost resources and flexible assignments.
In differentiated instruction, what three learner-specific factors determine how content, process, and products are tailored?
Strengths, interests, and readiness levels.
According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, how does a child’s cultural background directly influence their learning?
Shapes communication styles, values, and prior knowledge.
Name two metacognitive strategies teachers can teach students to help them monitor their own learning progress.
KWL charts and self-questioning.
What term describes the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance, as per Vygotsky?
Zone of proximal development (ZPD).
How does Piaget’s preoperational stage (ages 2–7) limit a child’s logical reasoning abilities?
Egocentrism and lack of conservation skills.
What is the primary criticism of standardized testing in assessing child and adolescent learners?
Ignores individual learning styles and socio-cultural factors.
How does Erikson’s stage of “industry vs. inferiority” (ages 6–12) manifest in classroom behavior?
Children seek competence through tasks or risk feeling inadequate.
What are two signs that a learning environment is not developmentally appropriate for adolescents?
Rigid seating and lack of collaborative opportunities.
Why is scaffolding critical in teaching adolescents complex concepts?
Breaks tasks into manageable steps with guided support.
What does Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences imply about traditional IQ tests?
They overlook diverse intelligences (e.g., musical, kinesthetic).
How can teachers accommodate learners with ADHD in a student-centered classroom?
Chunk tasks, provide movement breaks, and use visual aids.
What is the main goal of using formative assessments in child and adolescent learning?
To provide ongoing feedback and adjust instruction.
What type of teaching approach emphasizes metacognitive strategies, student voice, and learner autonomy?
Student-centered approach
Which classroom setup supports inclusivity and developmental appropriateness for diverse learners?
Flexible learning environment
Which strategy is most appropriate for adolescents to reflect on their learning process?
Metacognitive journaling
A teacher uses games and tech tools to make learning engaging. What type of approach is this?
Innovative teaching
