The Cognitive Approach - Computer Analogies Flashcards
What is an analogy?
an analogy is like a comparison
What is an analogy used for?
it is used to explain something complex (often abstract) in a concrete way making it much simpler to understand
How have cognitive psychologists made it easier to understand the human mind?
in order to easier understand how the human mind works, cognitive psychologists have LIKENED IT to how a computer works
How do cognitive psychologists suggest the human mind works?
cognitive psychologists suggest that the human mind works in a similar way to a computer
How does a computer work?
- input
- process
- output
- computer will receive an INPUT (eg from a keyboard)
- it will PROCESS it (eg through display and storage)
- and then OUTPUT (eg recalling a document previously saved)
How does the human mind work?
- input
- process
- output
- senses work as an INPUT
- information is PROCESSED (via internal mental processes, eg perception)
- information is the stored in the memory and retrieved when needed
- the retrieval of information leads to a BEHAVIOURAL OUTPUT (eg speaking or moving)
What did Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) devise?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) devised the multi-store model
What did Atkinson and Shiffrin suggest?
they suggested that there are 3 stores of memory
- sensory memory
- short-term memory
- long-term memory
Describe how the multi-store model works?
- 1st store is the sensory memory
- if you pay attention to the input, then the information moves to the 2nd store, the short-term memory
- rehearsing this information will result in the information moving to the 3rd store, the long-term memory
What works as the input, processing and output in the multi-store model?
- input = sensory memory
- processing = paying attention and rehearsal
- output = retrieval
