The Cold War

Question 1

Nature of Soviet Union

Answer 1

Paranoia (irrational fear), vast territory (from Europe to Asia) and ethnic groups, rough winters (made Russians tough), Cyrillic alphabet, natural resources (gas, oil, timber, gold, and diamonds), culture (Bolshevik ballet), ideology

Question 2

SAD

Answer 2

Seasonal Affect Disorder

Question 3

Buffer zone

Answer 3

Layer of weaker countries between “mother Russia” (gave them a chance against land innovations

Question 4

Communism led to the end of

Answer 4

Private property (property is owned by the state and those who contribute to the state)

Question 5

Characteristics of communism

Answer 5

Controlled by a few, very stable (they get it done then and there), government controls the 4 economic questions

Question 6

Positives for the government monitoring everything

Answer 6

Keep unemployment down

Question 7

4 economic questions

Answer 7

What to produce, how to produce (each factory is given a quota; not based on customer satisfaction), when to produce, and who gets productions (higher up in gov. the better quality of goods)

Question 8

Market economy

Answer 8

(Dependent on consumer) private property, profit motive, consumers and price dictate how the 4 economic questions will be answered (developed by followers of Adam Smith), allowance for exploitation of people

Question 9

Adam Smith

Answer 9

Wrote “Wealth of Nations” which outlined the market economy

Question 10

Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam

Answer 10

Middle of WWII, FDR, Stalin, and Churchill motivate and change strategy (squeeze Hitler from all three sides); Ending of WWII, agreement over development of Europe (how to finish the war)(FDR sold US by giving up Eastern Europe); setting course for the future (Truman takes presidency)

Question 11

What policy came about after Yalta

Answer 11

George Kennan (Mr. X) “containment” - if we can’t stop of USSR threat then we’ll contain them (it’s us or them)

Question 12

Surrogates

Answer 12

Equipping others to fight battles for you (Vietnam and Afghanistan)

Question 13

Arms race

Answer 13

Who could build more and better weapons (lead to Cold War)

Question 14

MAD

Answer 14

(Mutually Assured Destruction) John Foster Dulles design of “Brinkmanship” - push enemy to the brink of war

Question 15

Rules or policy of MAD

Answer 15

Both sides are rational, neither side is bluffing, and must be able to withstand the first strike

Question 16

War paranoia

Answer 16

Football (case that holds codes to nuclear strike), window of vulnerability (we can go at them but they can’t go at us), triad (submarine launch, intercontinental ballistic missiles ~underground~ cruise missiles from planes)

Question 17

US view of postwar (2)

Answer 17

Democratic government, free market, Germany must not be militarized

Question 18

Soviet view of postwar (2)

Answer 18

Communist gov., centralized market, and Germany must be punished

Question 19

The big three/four

Answer 19

US, Soviets, Great Britain, France

Question 20

G.I. Bill

Answer 20

Gives free money and allowance to soldiers attending college

Question 21

Baby Boom

Answer 21

Explosion of babies from 1945-1965

Question 22

Satellite countries

Answer 22

(Smaller governments ruled under mother Russia) Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungry, Poland, Albania, and eventually Czech

Question 23

Why was it called an iron curtain between US and Soviets

Answer 23

Can only assume what the enemy is doing

Question 24

Contagious plague

Answer 24

Contain communism

Question 25

Czech and US

Answer 25

It was the only Eastern country that had not fallen to communism, but when it fell it woke up America to begin the Marshal plan

Question 26

Marshal plan

Answer 26

US gives 17 billion dollars to rebuild Europe in an attempt to stop communism (most generous act of humanitarian in history)

Question 27

Berlin Blockade and airlifts

Answer 27

Stalin blocked the road from West Germany into Berlin so they had to airlift everything to and from

Question 28

NATO

Answer 28

US ties to Europe (Monroe doctrine)

Question 29

Warsaw Pact

Answer 29

Soviets version of NATO

Question 30

Two events that began the Cold War

Answer 30

Soviets get nuclear bombs and China becomes communist

Question 31

McCarthyism

Answer 31

Making frequent and wild accusations with no evidence (McCarther blamed his political competitors to being communist)

Question 32

The Korean War

Answer 32

UN Police action (not a declared war)

Question 33

Stalemate for Korean War

Answer 33

No one wins; border stays at 38th parallel

Question 34

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 34

General during Korean War, he backed North Korea into China and could have ended communism there; but Truman tells him to stop giving N. Korea the advantage and pushed troops back the parallel

Question 35

Thermonuclear bomb

Answer 35

(H bomb) so powerful it took an A bomb to detonate it

Question 36

A negative impression of communism

Answer 36

Construction of the Berlin wall

Question 37

Meaning of Sputnkik

Answer 37

Traveling companion

Question 38

How did America respond to Russia launching Sputnkik

Answer 38

Promoted science and mathematics (gave free tuition for those majored in either)

Question 39

U-2 incident

Answer 39

Russia shot down an America spy plane; at first we denied it was ours but then we took responsibility

Question 40

What was the purpose of building the Berlin Wall (symbolize)

Answer 40

To keep West Germans (US) out of East Germany (Russia)

Question 41

Hotline

Answer 41

After the Cuban Missile Crisis, a phone connecting the White House to the Cumberland was installed

Question 42

Cuba and Turkey

Answer 42

Because the US's missiles were so close to Russia in Turkey, Russia wanted missiles closure too the US in Cuba

Question 43

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 43

(Russians version of the Truman doctrine) countries will be forced to keep communism if they try to leave

Question 44

China card

Answer 44

Nixon established diplomatic relations with China in order to get Russia back on the table

Question 45

Russian's economic problems with satellites

Answer 45

(Subsides oil for sugar) lack of consumer good and technology

Question 46

Russian's invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 46

(Russians Vietnam) they wanted to instal a pipe line to access the warm water ports, and they feared Islamic fundamentalism

Question 47

US response to Afghan invasion

Answer 47

(Sold weapons to Iran) boycotted Olympics in Moscow and embargoed grain

Question 48

SDI

Answer 48

Strategic Defense Initiative, Reagan planned to put lasers and anti-Ballistic missiles on satellites in space ("Star Wars")

Question 49

Who was the last soviet chairman

Answer 49

Gorbachev

Question 50

Perestroika

Answer 50

Reconstruction of Russia (economy, mind-set, everything)

Question 51

Glasnost

Answer 51

Open up trade and certain secrets to Russia (lifting of iron curtain)

Question 52

Chauvinism

Answer 52

Super nationalist

Question 53

What satellite country was most rebellious to Russia

Answer 53

Poland

Question 54

1991 what is the main cause of communist down fall

Answer 54

They tried to expand too much and went bankrupt

Question 55

General management

Answer 55

Marshall staid in Washington as GM commanding Ike in Europe and McAuthor in Asia

Question 56

What time did the US deny the Truman doctrine

Answer 56

Hungary (1965) because US is dealing with Britain bombing Cairo

Question 57

What is the constant problem between US and Russia

Answer 57

Berlin

Question 58

What is the flare up between US and Russia

Answer 58

Vietnam

Question 59

Russians ideology

Answer 59

Military spending (lost both WWI and WWII), collectivization farming (merge all the farms together), and spread of communism (renamed towns after strong political leaders: St. Petersburg to Leningrad), buffer zone

Question 60

How long did the Cold War last

Answer 60

45 years

Question 61

When did the soviets first develop the nuclear bomb

Answer 61

1949

Question 62

Deterrence

Answer 62

Each nation has enough nuclear weapons to survive and still destroy the enemy

Question 63

Who coined "iron curtain"

Answer 63

Winston Churchill

Question 64

Berlin was divided into

Answer 64

4

Question 65

Containment sought to

Answer 65

Stop the spread of communism

Question 66

Berlin Wall was built in

Answer 66

August 1961

Question 67

When superpowers frequently use third parties (surrogates) to fight by backing opposing sides of conflict

Answer 67

Proxy war

Question 68

In 1949, what did US force on China

Answer 68

Nationalist

Question 69

When did Nixon visit China

Answer 69

1972

Question 70

Countries of Indochina

Answer 70

Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

Question 71

When did American combat troops leave Vietnam

Answer 71

March 29, 1973

Question 72

How does the term communist government contradict itself

Answer 72

There is no central government

Question 73

Countries of the former Yugoslavia

Answer 73

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia

Question 74

Nonnuclear weapons

Answer 74

Conventional

Question 75

Members of nuclear club

Answer 75

US, Soviet, France, Great Britain, China, India, and Pakistan

Question 76

Nuclear policy of Israel where they do not admit having nuclear weapons

Answer 76

Nuclear ambiguity (neither confirm nor denies)

Question 77

Where is it illegal to text nuclear weapons; legal

Answer 77

Atmosphere, outer space, and underwater but not underground

Question 78

Countries that signed the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972

Answer 78

US, India, Russia, and South Korea