the collapse of autocracy 1894-1917 Flashcards
(41 cards)
failures of how Nicholas I ruled (2)
- relied on the Okhrana to deal with challenges to his authority
- dismissed his best adviser Sergei Witte
when was the Japan war and what were it’s consequences
1904
because Russia surrendered, the gov faced increased opposition
what was the events of Bloody Sunday (3)
- Father Gapon led a peaceful protest with 20,000 workers
- troops fired on the marchers. 100+ deaths
- Nich told the rest to go back to work
what was the October manifesto (4)
a decree promising:
1. freedom of speech
2. freedom of conscience
3. press and assembly for all
4. a state Duma
what was the impact of the October manifesto (4)
- most liberals accepted the manifesto (kadets, octobersits)
- SR’s and SD’s accepted it
- risings continued
- Split the Tsars opposition
how did Nich try to recover autocracy (3)
- he arrested, exiled or executed most of the leaders of the Soviets
- promised to end redemption payments
- October manifesto split opposition
when/what were the ‘fundamental laws’ (6)
1906
Nich claimed his right to:
1. use supreme autocratic power
2. initiate legislation
3. approve laws
4. appoint/dismiss ministers
5. summon/dissolve Duma
6. rule by decree in emergencies
when were the 4 Duma’s
- 1906
- 1907
- 1907-1912
- 1912-1917
when/what was the 1st Duma (3)
1906
1. dominated by Kadets/radicals
2. had many peasant reps
3. passed a vote of ‘no confidence’
dissolved
when/what was the 2nd Duma (3)
1907
1. had mostly Bolsheviks and SRs
2. Stolypin wanted more OCtoberists
3. opposed most Tsarist proposals
dissolved. leading radicals were exiled
when/what was the 3rd Duma (2)
1907-1912
1. Stolypin wanted to reduce the rep of peasants and workers
2. dominated by Octobrists and Conservatives
suspended twice
when/what was the 4th Duma (1)
1912-1917
1. right and left wing couldn’t co-operate
suspended for demanding more power
what are Kadets
democrats
what are octobrists
moderate conservatives
how much did the economy grow per annum
8%
how did the state manage industrial growth (2)
- raised interest rates
- made a new rouble backed by the value of gold 1897
production of coal in million of metric tons in 1880, 1890 and 1900
3.2
5.9
16.1
how did agriculture develop and what years (3)
- the mir and collective ownership of land was abolished 1906
- reception payments were abolished 1905
- peasants were able to leave their village 1907
successes of the agricultural legislation of the 1900s (3)
- peasant ownership went from 20% in 1905 to 50% in 1915
- 3.5mil peasants moved from overpopulated areas to Siberia
- more peasants moved to towns to work
failures of the agricultural legislation of the 1900s
- 10% of communal land became private ownership
- peasants weren’t changing farming methods
- poor peasants lost their land
nobility still had 50% of land
what was urban population in 1867 vs 1917
7mil vs 28mil
in 1914 what percentage of the population were factory workers
10%
what percentage of houses in St Petersburg had no running water
40%
what laws did Nich I make to improve working conditions and what year (4)
1897- working hours reduce to 11.5hrs
1905- TUC made legal
1912- workers insurance intro
1914- work hours reduced to 10hrs
