The Communication Models

Question 1

An oral communication model attempts to freeze and single out important features or elements of the real world for us to grasp its dynamic, interrelatedness of these features.

Answer 1

Apollo 8 Christmas Message

Question 2

The mathematician from the US behind the Shannon-Weaver model

Answer 2

Claude Shannon

Question 3

The electrical engineer from the US behind the Shannon-Weaver model

Answer 3

Warren Weaver

Question 4

The person (or object/thing) who has the information to begin with; aka the ‘information source’

Answer 4

Sender (Information Source)

Question 5

The machine in the Shannon-Weaver model that converts the idea into signals that can be sent from the sender to the receiver

Answer 5

Encoder (Transmitter)

Question 6

The infrastructure in the S-W model that gets information from the sender and transmitter through to the decoder and receiver; aka ‘medium’

Answer 6

Channel

Question 7

Interrupts a message while it’s on the way from the sender to the receiver

Answer 7

Noise

Question 8

This model is in reference to communication that happens through devices like telephones; there needs to be a device that decodes the message from binary digits or waves

Answer 8

Shannon-Weaver model

Question 9

Decodes a message from binary digits or waves back into a format that can be understood by the receiver

Answer 9

Decoder

Question 10

The end-point of S-W’s original linear framework; where the person finally gets the message

Answer 10

Receiver (Destination)

Question 11

He came up with the feedback step in response to criticism of the linear nature of the approach of the S-W model.

Answer 11

Norbert Weiner

Question 12

Plays the passive part in the communication process according to criticisms in the S-W model

Answer 12

Receiver

Question 13

Criticized as a “misleading misinterpretation of the nature of human communication” as human communication is not mathematical in nature

Answer 13

Shannon-Weaver model

Question 14

In this model, each person in the communication acts as both a speaker and a listener, and can be simultaneously sending and receiving the message.

Answer 14

Transactional model

Question 15

Means that communication is an ongoing and continuously changing process

Answer 15

Transactional

Question 16

An important component in the transactional model, especially in interpersonal communication

Answer 16

Feedback

Question 17

He postulated the Schramm model in 1954, where he suggested that communication is a two-way process where both sender and receiver take turns to send and receive a message.

Answer 17

Wilbur Schramm

Question 18

Other names of Schramm model:

Answer 18

Osgood and Schramm model of communication, Encode-decode model of communication

Question 19

Plays a very important role because it initiates the process of communication by converting the thought into content

Answer 19

Encoding

Question 20

In this model, communication is incomplete unless and until the sender receives a feedback from the recipient.

Answer 20

Schramm model

Question 21

An individual’s beliefs, values, experiences, and learned meanings both as an individual or part of a group

Answer 21

Field of experience

Question 22

In the Schramm model, meanings can be:

Answer 22

Denotative or connotative

Question 23

The central feature of the Osgood-Schramm model

Answer 23

Feedback

Question 24

In the Schramm model, communication is assumed to be _____ in nature.

Answer 24

circular

Question 25

It is an essential part in the Osgood-Schramm model

Answer 25

Redundancy

Question 26

Known as a model of the ingredients of communication

Answer 26

Berlo's model

Question 27

He was an American communications theorist who formulated the Berlo model.

Answer 27

David Berlo

Question 28

Four elements identified in the Berlo model:

Answer 28

Source, message, channel, receiver

Question 29

The elements under the source and receiver in the Berlo's model:

Answer 29

CAKSC: communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture

Question 30

The individual's skill to communicate

Answer 30

Communication skills

Question 31

Towards the audience, subject, and towards oneself

Answer 31

Attitude

Question 32

Knowledge about the subject

Answer 32

Knowledge

Question 33

Includes the various aspects of society, like values, beliefs, culture, religion, and general understanding of society

Answer 33

Social system

Question 34

An element that also comes under social system

Answer 34

Culture

Question 35

Means how the message is sent, and in what form it could be (e.g., language, body language, gesture, music, culture); where you get/give the message or through which the communication takes place

Answer 35

Code

Question 36

How the message is arranged into various parts

Answer 36

Structure

Question 37

The packing of the message; the way in which the message is conveyed

Answer 37

Treatment

Question 38

The beginning to the end of a message

Answer 38

Content

Question 39

Includes various things like language, gestures, body language; accompanies the content

Answer 39

Elements

Question 40

A one-way, linear form of communication which shows the sender-message-channel-receiver concept

Answer 40

Berlo's model

Question 41

Two elements/concepts that are absent in the Berlo's model

Answer 41

Feedback and noise

Question 42

He developed the Laswell's model of communication.

Answer 42

Harold D. Laswell

Question 43

One of the most influential communication models (aka action model, linear model, or one-way model)

Answer 43

Laswell's model

Question 44

"Every message sent will have a corresponding effect to the receiver."

Answer 44

Laswell's model

Question 45

Elements in the Laswell's model:

Answer 45

CMMRE: communicator, message, medium, receiver, effect

Question 46

Components/questions asked in the Laswell's model:

Answer 46

WSITW: who (control analysis), says what (content analysis), in which channel (media analysis), to whom (audience analysis), with what effect (effect analysis)

Question 47

Criticized as a very general and simplistic model with only very traditional topics; does not include feedback and does not consider barriers (noise)

Answer 47

Laswell's model

Question 48

"A mathematical theory of communication"

Answer 48

Shannon-Weaver model

Question 49

Communication is an ongoing and continuously changing process.

Answer 49

Transactional model

Question 50

Field of experience is important in understanding the message.

Answer 50

Schramm's model

Question 51

Factors/components of the message in the Berlo's model:

Answer 51

CETSC: Content, elements, treatment, structure, code

Question 52

Channels in the Berlo's model:

Answer 52

HSTST: Hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, tasting