The Conquests Of Edward I (1276-1306)

Question 1

Type of war/background

Answer 1

-conquest, rebellion
-1272 - Edward crowned King of England - demands homage from Llywelyn, Prince of Wales.
-Edward hoped to marry his son to heir of Scottish crown - Margaret; she died before it could happen
>Scottish nobles asked for Edward to judge who should be new King of Scotland

Question 2

Example of war

Answer 2

-1276 - Llywelyn refuses to pay taxes and won’t give homage; Edwards recruits army of 1000 knights, 15,000 infantry and marches to Wales to demand homage
-1282 - series of rebellions against castles led by Llywelyn’s brother Dafydd .
>Edward uses rebellions as excuse to turn was into one of conquest
-1291 - Edward choses John Balliol, then demanded homage - new Scottish king, led by nobles, invades England.
-1296 - Edward left English officials in Scotland to control it like colony; imposed heavy taxes to pay for war - rebellion led by William Wallace meant Edward returned 4 more times; Wallace eventually hung, drawn, and quartered.

Question 3

Attitudes and responses

Answer 3

-Llywelyn surrenders without fighting/accompanies Edward back to London and pledges his homage in front of parliament.
-Edward starts to build castles in Wales to ensure English crown is superior
-1283 - parliament grant Edward a tax to gather more soldiers to increase attacks against Welsh.
-1294 - Edward granted right to tax Welsh heavily to pay for his wars; Wales conquered and Edward is ruler.
-1296 - Scottish lose battle at Dunbar; Edward wanted to tax invaders

Question 4

Impact on people

Answer 4

-1307 - Edward died on campaign in Scotland at 68; tomb plain/simple - no money left
>’Edward I - The Hammer of the Scots’ inscribed on it

Question 5

Impact on government

Answer 5

-Edward gets stronger as he was ruler in Wales and England.