The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)

Question 1

Type of war

Answer 1

-between two countries (England and France)
-invasion

Question 2

Example of war

Answer 2

-By 1337, Edward III was ready to fight for what he believed was his and declared war on Philip VI of France.
—> Edward believed crown of France was his/feared Philip was a threat to his possessions in France - Gascony and Ponthieu - and invaded Flanders

Question 3

Attitudes and responses

Answer 3

-There was support for the war, as the feudal system meant knights had to provide king w/soldiers. However, times had moved on and the longbow was now most feared of weapons, not knights on horseback.
-It was left to a village to decide who would fight, but village as whole would have to look after families affected by someone leaving.
-Those who went were paid 3 pence a day; armies very expensive; fighting abroad made them more expensive, so taxes raised.

Question 4

Impact on people

Answer 4

-direct, psychological, social/cultural
-value of £ drops
-peasants paid most of the taxes, but many villages were destroyed so were not able to pay
-growth of national consciousness
-people recognise no one is safe

Question 5

Impact on government

Answer 5

-loss of all English territory in France, except Calais
-high no. of casualties amongst nobility
-decline in trade, especially for English wool
-wave of taxes to pay for war contributed to social unrest
-development of stronger parliament in England
-almost total bankruptcy of English treasury
-disagreement over conduct of war/its failure fuelled dynastic conflict in England (Wars of the Roses 1455-1487)
-greater feeling of nationalism in both countries
-creation of national heroes such as Henry V in England and Joan of Arc in France