The Cytoplasm Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
Explanted to tissue culture cells of the inner call mass are called
A
Embryonic stem cells
2
Q
The plasma membrane contains proteins called …. That linked to both cytoplasmatic protein filaments and ECM components
A
Integrins
3
Q
Outer lipids known as glycolipids include oligosacarides chains that extend outward from the cell surface
A
Glycolipids
4
Q
Membrane range from
A
7.5 to 10 nm
5
Q
Are incorporated within the lipid bilayer itself
A
Integral proteins
6
Q
Exhibit a looser association with one of the two membrane surfaces
A
Peripheral proteins
7
Q
The polypeptide chains of many integral proteins span the membrane several times from one side to another called
A
Multipass transmembrane proteins
8
Q
The lipid bilayer forms from amphipatic phospholipids stabilized by
A
Cholesterol
9
Q
Transmembrane diffusion of water molecules by ósmosis involves their passive movements throught proteins called
A
Aquaporins
10
Q
The three kind of endocytosis
A
Phagocytosis , pinocitosis or fluid phase, trancytosis, receptor mediated
11
Q
The occupied receptors associate with other proteins on the cytoplasmatic membrane surface and begin invagination as
A
Coated pits
12
Q
The coated pits contain this polyptides
A
Clathrin
13
Q
Protein secretion involving exocitosis may follow two pathways
A
Constitutive and regulated
14
Q
Is use for products that are released from cells continuously as son as synthesis is complete
A
Constitutive secretion
15
Q
Through this channel signals may pass directly from cell to cell without reaching the extracellular fluid
A
Gas junctions
16
Q
The signals molecules call hormones are carried in the blood to target cells throughout the body
A
Endocrine signaling
17
Q
The first zygotic cellular divisions produce cells called
A
Blastomeres
18
Q
The chemical mediator are rapidly metabolized after release so that they act only on local cells very close the source
A
Paracrine signaling
19
Q
Special kind of paracrine interaction neurotransmitters act only in adjacent cells
A
Synaptic signaling
20
Q
Signal bind receptor on the same cell type that produced the messanger molecule
A
Autocrine signaling
21
Q
Important in early embryonic tissue interactions, signaling molecules such as proteins remain part of a cell membrane and bind surface receptor of the target cells when the two cells Make direct phase al contact
A
Juxtacrine signaling
22
Q
Hydrophilic signaling molecules are
A
Channel linked receptors, enzymatic receptors, G protein coupled receptor
23
Q
Pseudohypoparathyroidism and dwarfism are diseases caused by
A
Defective receptors.
24
Q
Are small electron dense particles about 20x30 nm in size composed by 4 segments of rRNA , have two subunits of different sizes and act to catalized the Process of protein translations
A
Ribosomes
25
Large ribosomal subunits come together by binding An mRNA to form
Polyribosomes or polysomes
26
Consist of saclike as well as parallel stacks of flattened cisternae and is limited by the outer membrane on the nucleous especialized for synthesis and segregation of proteins not disgned for the citosol
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
27
Proteins to be processed through the RER contains initial ..... Which bind receptors
Signal peptides
28
New proteins that cannot be assemble properly by chaperones under go
Endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation
29
Osteogenesis imperfecta cuasada por
Deficiencia en el colageno molecular
30
Membrana citoplasmatica de la celula, mosaico fluido llamado tambien
Plasmalemma
31
Especializaciones de la membrana formada por envaginciones cilindricas rodean una zona especializada del citoplasma donde se encuentran microfilamentos se le llama
Microvellosidades
32
Micro vellosidades cortas y rectas que se disponen apretadas y en paralelo según el eje celular originando un borde birrefrigerante y estriado llamado
Ribete en cepillo
33
El citoplasma apical de células con microvellosidades suele contener una red de
Red de filamentos intermedios pero sobre todo de microfilamentos que forman la trama terminal
34
Microvellosidades largas y flexibles de aspecto ondulado llamados
Estereocilios
35
Su función es aumentar la superficie de absorción para el transporte de sustancias
Microvellosidades
36
Porcentaje de colageno en el plasmalemma
30% y 70 % fósfolipidos
37
La bícapa lípidica es en su interior
Electrofobica y negativa
38
When cells are frozen are fractured called
Cryofracture
39
A mayor role of enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic recticulum is
Phospholipids synthesis
40
Denote a yellowish discoloration of the skin and is cause by accumulation in extracellular fluid of bilirubin and other pigmented compounds which are usually metabolized by SER
Jaundice o ictericia
41
Responsable of glycogen metabolism for processing Endogenous molecules such as components of bile
SER
42
His funtion is to sequester and ralease Ca and is name sarcoplasmic reticulum
SER
43
Completes posttranslational modifications of proteins synthesized in RER and then packages and adresses these proteins to proper destination
Aparto de golgi
44
Detoxifies drugs, alcohol and poisons
sER
45
Forms vesicles and peroxisomes
SER
46
Materials moves from the RER cisternae to the golgi aparatous in small, membrane enclosed carriers called
Transport vesicles
47
When cells are frozen are fractured called
Cryofracture
48
A mayor role of enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic recticulum is
Phospholipids synthesis
49
Denote a yellowish discoloration of the skin and is cause by accumulation in extracellular fluid of bilirubin and other pigmented compounds which are usually metabolized by SER
Jaundice o ictericia
50
Responsable of glycogen metabolism for processing Endogenous molecules such as components of bile
SER
51
His funtion is to sequester and ralease Ca and is name sarcoplasmic reticulum
SER
52
Completes posttranslational modifications of proteins synthesized in RER and then packages and adresses these proteins to proper destination
Aparto de golgi
53
Detoxifies drugs, alcohol and poisons
sER
54
Forms vesicles and peroxisomes
SER
55
Materials moves from the RER cisternae to the golgi aparatous in small, membrane enclosed carriers called
Transport vesicles
56
Golgi receiving región
Cis face
57
Foward movement of vesicles in the cis golgi network of sacules is promoted by the coat protein..
COP-II
58
Retrograde movement in golgi is promoted by
Cop-1
59
Other proteins involved in direct vesicle fusion include
Golgin which interacts with enzymes
60
Secretory granules with dense contents of digestive enzymes are also referred to as
Zymogen granules
61
Are sites of intracellular digestions and turnover of cellular components range in a diameter from .05 to .5 micrometers
Lysosomes
62
pH intracelular de un lisisoma
5
63
Las enzimas lisisosomicas son inactivadas a un pH de
7.2
64
Indigestible material is retained within a small vacuolar remnant called
Residual body
65
Disease cause by defects in one or more of the digestive enzymes
Lysosomal storage disorder
66
Disease that his faulty enzymes is glucocerebrosidase and afect the liver and spleen
Gaucher
67
Disease cause by a faulty enzyme alfa-L-iduronidase and affected skeleton and nervous system
Hurler syndrome MPS I
68
Disease cause by muscle phosphorylase faulty and affect skeletal muscle
McArdle syndrome
69
Two neurologic disorders caused initially by such proteins aggregates
Alzheimer and huntington
70
Cause by a defective integral membrane protein needed for transport of very long chain fatty acids into the peroxisome for beta oxidation
Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
71
Deficiencies of peroxisomal enzymes cause
Zellweger syndrome
72
Are spherical organelles enclosed by a single membrane and named for their enzymes producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes
73
The cytoplasmic cytoskeleton is a complex array of
Microtubules, microfilamentos and intermediated filaments
74
Tubular structures organized with heterodimers of alfa,beta tubulin,hollow tube with a wall of 13 parallel protofilaments with a + and - polarity
Microtubules
75
Principal functions is to mantain cell's shape and polarity provide tracks for organelle and chromosome movement move cilia and flagella
Microtubules
76
Diameter of a microtubule
24nm - 25 nm
77
The protein subunits of a microtubule is a heterodimer of
Alfa and beta tubulin
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Polymeralization of tubulins is directed by .... Which contain tubulin assemblies that act as nucleating sites
Microtubules organizing center MTOCs
79
Energy in microtubule for assembly is derived from
GTP bound of tubulin
80
The dominant MTOC in most somatic cells is the ..... Which is organized around two cylindrical centrioles, each about .2 micrometers diameter
Centrosome
81
Is compose of nine highly organized microtubular triplets
Centrioles
82
Motor protein that carry materials away from the MTOC near the nucleus toward the plus end of microtubules called anterograde transport
Kinesins
83
Carry materials along microtubules in the oposite direction retrograde transport
Dyneins
84
Inhibitory compounds used to study details of microtubule dynamics, this drugs include
Vinblastine, vincristine and paclitaxel
85
Consist of pair of centrioles
Centrosome
86
Actin filaments diameter
5nm - 7nm
87
Actin filaments are composed of
Globular G actin assemblies in presence of K and Mg and filamentous F actin
88
G- actin is added to preexisting filaments by the action of nucleation factors as
Formin
89
In cells both the assembly and disassembly of subunits from F actin are promote by proteins such as
Profilin and cofilin
90
G actin is concetrated near the cell membrane called
Cell cortex
91
Actin filaments may be concentrated into parallel bundles called
Stress fibers
92
Proteins of actin binding that helps severing and/or capping the end of actin are
Gelsolin and capZ
93
Proteins of actin binding that helps cross linking
Filamin
94
Proteins of actin binding that helps bundling
Alfa actinin
95
Proteins of actin binding that helps linking f actin to membrane proteins and other cytoskeletal filaments
Spectrin
96
Movement is usually toward the barbed + end but this protein is the only that moves in the other direction
Myosin VI
97
Diameter of An intermediate filament
10nm
98
Located in cells extensions like microvilli
Microfilamentos
99
Contract and move cells and change cell shape and cytoplasmatic transport and streaming
Microfilments
100
Are more stable of all. The cytoskeleton
Filamentos intermedios
101
Protein in intermediated is the most common class III intermediate filament
Vimentin
102
Form the subunits intermediate filaments in neurons
Glial fibrilar acidic protein
103
Are transitory cytoplasmic components not enclosed by membrane
Inclusions
104
Accumulation of lipids molecules perminent in adupocytes adrenal cortex cells, liver and other cells
Fat droplets
105
Aggregates of the carbohydrates polo re in which glucose is stored are visible in liver cells and with PAS
Glycogen granules
106
Yellowish Brown pigmented staining in many cells, especially in nondiving cells call wear and tear pigment
Lipofuscins
107
Is a dense Brown aggregate of denatured ferritin proteins it occurs in phagocytic cells
Hemosiderin
108
El complejo de unión está formado por
Zona de oclusion, zona de adherencia y desmosoma
109
Tight junctions una zona de fusión de las hojas externas de los plasmalemas de células vecinas, la Unión más estrecha que existe
Zona de oclusion
110
Anillo unitivo en todo el perímetro de una célula, no hay fusión membranal intercelular pero si hay paso de moléculas adherentes de una celula a otra
Zona de adherencia
111
Punto de adherencia intercelular
Desmosoma
112
Se sitúa en la zona apical formando un cinturón alrededor de la célula donde las caras externas se fusionan , sella el espacio intercelular.
Tight junctions o oclusion
113
Se sitúa debajo de la zonula occludens y forma un cinturón perimetral , las superficies internas de ambas membranas muestran un depósito de material electrodenso en el que se anclan numerosos microfilamentos
Zona adherens
114
Espacio de separación entre dos membranas
40nm
115
Llamados mácula adherens
Desmosoma
116
Presentan condensación de material electrodenso en su cara citoplasmatica a las cuales se anclan tonofilsmentos y en MO o espinas o puentes intercelulares en los epitelios de revestimiento planos estratificados
Desmosoma
117
Unión nexo, placas en las membranas plasma ticas , estrechando el espacio intercelular pero sin fusión entre ellas
Gap junctions
118
El espacio intercelular aparece ocupado por depósitos discretos de material electrodenso , permite el paso de sustancias.
4 nm
119
Lamina rica en GAGs y glycoproteins que recubre superficie externa, sintetizado por golgi
Glucocalix
120
Tiñe glucidos
PAS y rojo de rutenio
121
Formados por invaginaciones ramificadas, de membrana apical hacia el interior de la célula, presentan superficie ondulada presente en células que transportan sales y iones
Canaliculos intracelulares
122
Especializaciones móviles del plasmalema que rodea axonema que contiene microtubulos centrales y nueve dobles periféricos formados estos últimos microtubulos fusionados
Cilios
123
contiene microtubulos centrales y nueve dobles periféricos formados estos últimos microtubulos fusionados con prolongaciones cortas de brazos de dineina
Axonema
124
El axonema está anclado por su parte basal a un centriolo llamado
Cuerpo basal
125
El par central del axonema se origina en
Placa basal del cilio
126
Tienen estructura de los cilios pero son largos y recorrido ondulante
Flagelo
127
Se encuentran en membrana basal en contacto con la lamina basal , corresponde a estructura de medio desmosoma
Hemidesmosoma
128
Miden 24 nm de diámetro
Microtubules
129
Formado por 13 protofilamentos de tubulina alfa y beta
Microtubules
130
Tienen en su interior 10 pares dé microtubulos con un par de microtubulos en el centro separados 40 a 80nm y nueve pares rodeando al par central
Cilios
131
Polimeros de alfa actinina con un diámetro de 4nm
Microfilamentos
132
Sitio de anclaje del citoesqueleto que le da rigidez y soporte mecánico a las microvellosidades
Trama terminal
133
Promotores de la fagocitosis se llaman
Opsoninas
134
Todos los macrofagos derivan del
Monocito
135
Miden 11nm de diámetro
Filamentos intermedios
136
6 variedades de filamentos intermedios son
Citoqueratina, desmina, lamina(envoltura nuclear), neurofilamentos, proteins gliofibrilar ácida,vimentina (embrion)
