The Cytoskeleton Flashcards

0
Q

What is the cytoskeleton attached to? What does this do?

A

Membrane proteins and it gives mechanical support to the cell acting as scaffolding to maintain the shape of the cell.

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1
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

Network of proteins fibres that extends throughout the cytoplasm in all eukaryotic cells.

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2
Q

What is attached to the cytoskeleton? And what is it involved in?

A

Organelles are attached and it is involved in the movement of cellular components, such as vesicles or chloroplasts. It is also responsible for the movement of whole cells
- pseudopodia, flagella and cilia all rely on cytoskeleton activity.

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3
Q

What are one component of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubles.

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4
Q

What are microtubles?

A

They are polymers of a dimer made from alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. These are soluble globular proteins.

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5
Q

What do the dimers form?

A

Microtubles

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6
Q

How is the length of microtubles controlled?

A

They are under control of the cell through the addition (assembly) and removal (disassembly) of tubulin at the ends.

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7
Q

Where do microtubles originate from?

A

Microtubule organising centre (MTOC).

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8
Q

Where is the (MTOC) located?

A

Near the nucleus and contain the centrosome. In animal cells, the centrioles are the site of microtubules synthesis within the centrosome.

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9
Q

What are spindle fibres made from?

A

Microtubules. The cytoplasmic microtubules are disassembled to form the microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles.

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10
Q

Where do microtubules attach to at the centrosomes of chromatids?

A

Proteins.

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11
Q

What do microtubules do in mitosis to centromeres?

A

They severing separates the chromatids.

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