The Digestive System

Question 1

What is ingestion?

Answer 1

The taking in of food into the body

Question 2

What is mechanical processing?

Answer 2

Food into small pieces and mixing it together (chewing)

Question 3

What is digestion?

Answer 3

Chemical breakdown of large food molecules into smaller ones

Question 4

Mouth

What is mastication

Answer 4

Occurs in the mouth as the teeth physically tear the food into smaller pieces (masticar)

Question 5

Tooth anatomy

Where is the enamel of the tooth?

Answer 5

Outermost layer of the tooth

Question 6

Tooth anatomy

What are the incisors?

Answer 6

Blade shaped teeth at front of mouth

Question 7

Tooth anatomy

What are canines?

Answer 7

Cone shaped teeth with pointed tip

Question 8

Tooth anatomy

What are premolars/molars?

Answer 8

Flattened tops

Question 9

Tooth anatomy

What are wisdom teeth?

Answer 9

Additional/unnecessary set of molars

Question 10

Tooth disorders

When does a cavity occur?

Answer 10

When bacteria produces waste acids that dissolve the calcium phosphate of the enamel, creating a hole

Question 11

Pharynx

What is a bolus?

Answer 11

When the tongue produces a ball of chewed, softened food

Question 12

Pharynx

What is the uvula?

Answer 12

“Bell” at the back of the mouth which folds back, closing off the nasopharynx to force food down the laryngopharynx

Question 13

Pharynx

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 13

Closes off the opening to the larynx and trachea to avoid food from going into the lungs

Question 14

Esophagus

What is peristalsis?

Answer 14

Where the bolus passes through the pharyx & esophagus through a series of involuntary wavelike contracts of smooth muscle

Question 15

Stomach

What is the cardiac sphincter?

Answer 15

Where food enters going through the stomach; prevents food from going back up into the esophagus

Question 16

Stomach

What is rugae?

Answer 16

Internal folds in the stomach that increase surface area (expand when you eat)

Question 17

Types of cells

What do mucous cells produce and the function?

Answer 17

Produce mucus that protects stomach from digesting itself

Question 18

Types of cells

What do parietal cells produce?

Answer 18

Hydrochloric acid, helps to breakdown food

Question 19

Types of cells

What do chief cells produce?

Answer 19

Pepsin, digests proteins into amino acids

Question 20

Where is the duodenum located?

Answer 20

The small intestine

Question 21

Purpose of duodenum?

Answer 21

• where most digestion occurs
• recieves secretions from gall bladder & pancreas
• adds its own secretions

Question 22

What is bicarbonate?

Answer 22

Released by the pancreas which neutralizes stomach acid

Question 23

Jejunum/ileum

What does villi do?

Answer 23

Increases surface area

Question 24

Jejunum/ileum

What s the Hepatic Portal System (HPS)?

Answer 24

Series of blood vessels that deliver nutrients to the liver

Question 25

Large intestine | What is the cecum?

Answer 25

The first part of the large intestine

Question 26

Large intestine | List the segments in order

Answer 26

- cecum - ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid colon

Question 27

What is the internal anal sphicter?

Answer 27

Involuntary muscle that opens when rectum is full

Question 28

What is the rectus and transversus abdominis?

Answer 28

Muscles that compress the rectum, removing feces

Question 29

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 29

Digestive enzymes and controls blood sugar

Question 30

Purpose of insulin?

Answer 30

Lowers blood sugar by absorbing glucose into liver & muscles

Question 31

When does vomiting occur?

Answer 31

``` Involuntary opening of the stomach Occurs when: -irritation of pharynx (gag reflex) -multiple trigger zones in the brain -irritation of the gastrointestinal tract ```

Question 32

Purpose of salivation?

Answer 32

Protects teeth from stomach acid

Question 33

What is diabetes type l?

Answer 33

Immune system destorys insulin producing cells in the pancreas -no insulin is produced

Question 34

What is diabetes type ll?

Answer 34

Cells in the liver, muscles, and fat do not respond normally to insulin -common in obesity