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HAS > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The taking in of food into the body

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2
Q

What is mechanical processing?

A

Food into small pieces and mixing it together (chewing)

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3
Q

What is digestion?

A

Chemical breakdown of large food molecules into smaller ones

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4
Q

Mouth

What is mastication

A

Occurs in the mouth as the teeth physically tear the food into smaller pieces (masticar)

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5
Q

Tooth anatomy

Where is the enamel of the tooth?

A

Outermost layer of the tooth

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6
Q

Tooth anatomy

What are the incisors?

A

Blade shaped teeth at front of mouth

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7
Q

Tooth anatomy

What are canines?

A

Cone shaped teeth with pointed tip

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8
Q

Tooth anatomy

What are premolars/molars?

A

Flattened tops

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9
Q

Tooth anatomy

What are wisdom teeth?

A

Additional/unnecessary set of molars

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10
Q

Tooth disorders

When does a cavity occur?

A

When bacteria produces waste acids that dissolve the calcium phosphate of the enamel, creating a hole

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11
Q

Pharynx

What is a bolus?

A

When the tongue produces a ball of chewed, softened food

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12
Q

Pharynx

What is the uvula?

A

“Bell” at the back of the mouth which folds back, closing off the nasopharynx to force food down the laryngopharynx

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13
Q

Pharynx

What is the epiglottis?

A

Closes off the opening to the larynx and trachea to avoid food from going into the lungs

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14
Q

Esophagus

What is peristalsis?

A

Where the bolus passes through the pharyx & esophagus through a series of involuntary wavelike contracts of smooth muscle

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15
Q

Stomach

What is the cardiac sphincter?

A

Where food enters going through the stomach; prevents food from going back up into the esophagus

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16
Q

Stomach

What is rugae?

A

Internal folds in the stomach that increase surface area (expand when you eat)

17
Q

Types of cells

What do mucous cells produce and the function?

A

Produce mucus that protects stomach from digesting itself

18
Q

Types of cells

What do parietal cells produce?

A

Hydrochloric acid, helps to breakdown food

19
Q

Types of cells

What do chief cells produce?

A

Pepsin, digests proteins into amino acids

20
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

The small intestine

21
Q

Purpose of duodenum?

A
  • where most digestion occurs
  • recieves secretions from gall bladder & pancreas
  • adds its own secretions
22
Q

What is bicarbonate?

A

Released by the pancreas which neutralizes stomach acid

23
Q

Jejunum/ileum

What does villi do?

A

Increases surface area

24
Q

Jejunum/ileum

What s the Hepatic Portal System (HPS)?

A

Series of blood vessels that deliver nutrients to the liver

25
Q

Large intestine

What is the cecum?

A

The first part of the large intestine

26
Q

Large intestine

List the segments in order

A
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
27
Q

What is the internal anal sphicter?

A

Involuntary muscle that opens when rectum is full

28
Q

What is the rectus and transversus abdominis?

A

Muscles that compress the rectum, removing feces

29
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Digestive enzymes and controls blood sugar

30
Q

Purpose of insulin?

A

Lowers blood sugar by absorbing glucose into liver & muscles

31
Q

When does vomiting occur?

A 
Involuntary opening of the stomach
Occurs when:
-irritation of pharynx (gag reflex)
-multiple trigger zones in the brain
-irritation of the gastrointestinal tract
32
Q

Purpose of salivation?

A

Protects teeth from stomach acid

33
Q

What is diabetes type l?

A

Immune system destorys insulin producing cells in the pancreas
-no insulin is produced

34
Q

What is diabetes type ll?

A

Cells in the liver, muscles, and fat do not respond normally to insulin
-common in obesity

HAS (8 decks)

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