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Science > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of physical digestion

A

Teeth
they tear, slice and grind the food

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

-Incisors
-Canines
-Molars
-Premolars

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3
Q

What are incisors?

A

Chisel-shaped teeth at the front of the mouth used for cutting, slicing and biting

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4
Q

What are canines?

A

Long, pointed teeth that resemble fangs. They grip, stab and tear food

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5
Q

What are premolars?

A

Teeth with cusps (pointy edges)

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6
Q

What are molars?

A

Large teeth at the back of the mouth that crush and chew food

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7
Q

Name the parts of the digestive system

A

-Mouth
-Oesophagus
-Liver
-Pancreas
-Stomach
-Large intestine
-Small intestine
-Rectum
-Anus
-Salivary glands
-Gall bladder

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8
Q

What is the role of the mouth?

A

It takes in food
It physically breaks down the food using teeth and chemically breaks it down using an enzyme, amylase.

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9
Q

What is the role of the oesophagus?

A

It carries food from the mouth to the stomach

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10
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

Makes enzymes

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11
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A

Produces liquid bile which helps digest fat

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12
Q

What is the role of the stomach?

A

-It churns food (Physical break down)
-Mixes Hydrochloric acid with the food (Chemical break down)

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13
Q

What is the role of the small intestine?

A

-Further digestion by enzymes
-Absorption of digested food into the blood
-Covered in villi

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14
Q

What is the role of the large intestine?

A

-Water is absorbed into the blood
-The waste that’s left is prepared for egestion

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15
Q

What is the role of the villi?

A

They provide an increased surface area to allow food to be absorbed into the bloodstream

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16
Q

What is the role of the rectum?

A

Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum before egestion

17
Q

What is the role of the anus?

A

Faeces stimulate the rectum to contract and are passed out via the anus

18
Q

What is the role of the salivary glands?

A

Makes saliva (containing amylase) to break down starch to smaller sugar

19
Q

What is the role of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile from the liver until it is needed

20
Q

What are the 5 stages of nutrition?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Assimilation
  5. Egestion
21
Q

Explain ingestion

A

taking food into the mouth (eating)

22
Q

Explain digestion

A

Breaking down the food into smaller more absorbable food parts

23
Q

Explain absorption

A

The smaller food parts passing into the blood system
(for delivery to all cells in the body)

24
Q

Explain assimilation

A

The food being put to use by the cells
e.g. energy, growth, repair of new cells

25
Q

Explain egestion

A

Passing any unabsorbed food out in the form of faeces

Science (31 decks)

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