Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy and physiology > the digestive system > Flashcards

the digestive system Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the digestive functions of the alimentary canal

A

ingests- takes in food
digests- breaks down food chemically and physically
absorption- movement of nutrients into the bloodstream
defaecation- rids the body of indigestible waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the organs of the alimentary canal

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first part of the digestive tract

A

the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does Mechanical digestion happen?

A

Mechanical digestion happens when you tear and chew food with your teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does Chemical Digestion happen?

A

Chemical Digestion happens when saliva in your mouth and gastric juice in your stomach break down your food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is gastric juice

A

it is fluid produced by secretions of the gastric glands, characterised by extreme acidity and pepsin, which is a protein digesting enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is gastrin

A

a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially release of hydrochloric acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the process of Peristalsis?

A

The process of pushing food through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxing of muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes sure that the food goes into your stomach and not into your lungs?

A

Epiglottis (flap of skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is bile

A

bile is a yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the functions of the stomach

A

receive food from the esophagus mix food with gastric juice
start the process of protein digestion
move food into the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the functions of the digestive system

A

Ingestion: the entry of food into the alimentary canal
through the mouth.
❖Propulsion: the movement of food through the digestive
tract either voluntarily (swallowing) or involuntarily
(peristalsis).
❖Mechanical Digestion
Physical breakdown of food in preparation for chemical
digestion and includes chewing, mixing, and churning
❖Digestion: Enzymes breakdown complex food molecules
into simpler building blocks (nutrients)
❖Absorption: Passage of nutrients into the bloodstream.
❖Defecation: undigested materials are removed from the
body as faeces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the superior esophageal sphincter

A

between pharynx and
esophagus
* Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the Inferior esophageal sphincter

A

between esophagus and
stomach
* smooth muscle
* Also called cardiac sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the five regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
– Fundus
– Body
– Pylorus
– Pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three regions of the small intestine

A

The duodenum
* The jejunum
* The ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the large intestine

A

Absorbs excess water from the remaining undigested
material.
❖Watery material that first enters the large intestine
gradually solidifies and becomes feces.
❖Stores fecal material until the body is ready to
defecate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the accessory organs

A

Teeth
* Tongue
* Salivary glands
* Liver
* Gallbladder
* Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two types of teeth

A

deciduous teeth and permanent teeth

20 deciduous teeth,
also called “milk teeth,”
erupt between 6
months and 30 months
after birth.
These teeth are
eventually lost and
replaced by 32
permanent teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the three types of teeth

A

Incisors: Front teeth
adapted for cutting

Canine: adapted for
tearing and piercing

Premolars/Molars:
back teeth adapted
for grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the functions of the tongue

A

Mastication
Manipulates and mixes food during
mastication
* Swallowing
Performs important functions in swallowing.
* Taste
* Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid glands
* submandibular glands
* sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the four lobes of the liver

Study These Flashcards
A

Right lobe
➢Left lobe
➢Caudate lobe
➢Quadrate lobe

24
Q

what are the functions of the liver

Study These Flashcards
A

❖Produce bile.
(bile is a greenish fluid that breaks down fats into
small droplets to assist in their chemical digestion)
❖Detoxify drugs, metabolites, and poisons.
❖Store excess nutrients and vitamins and release them
when they are needed.
❖Synthesize blood plasma proteins such as albumins,
globulins, and proteins required for blood clotting.
❖Help break down and recycle components of aged
and damaged erythrocytes .

25
what is the main function of the gallbladder
Stores concentrate bile until it is needed for digestion
26
what is the libia
the lips
27
what is the uvula
a fleshy fingerlike projection of the soft palate, which dangles from the posterior edge of the soft palate
28
what is the vestibule
the space that is between the lips and cheeks externally and the teeth and gums
29
what are the functions of the mouth
mastication (chewing of food mixed with saliva) the cheeks and lips hold food between the teeth during mastication the tongue continuously mixes food with saliva and initiates swallowing the breakdown of food begins in the mouth because of enzymes in the saliva.
30
where is the tongue attached to
it is attached to the hyoid bone and the styloid processes of the skull
31
where are the tonsils located and why are they important
the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils cover the base of the tongue just beyond. the tonsils are part of the body's defence mechanism
32
what is the name of the walls of the alimentary canal
mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa
33
describe the mucosa layer of the alimentary canal
the mucosa is the innermost layer, that forms the lumen of the organ, it consists primarily of surface epithelium and a little of connective tissue (lamina propria) and scanty smooth muscle layer
34
describe the submucosa layer of the alimentary canal
found just beneath the mucosa, it is a soft connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerve endings, mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) , and lymphatic vessels
35
describe the muscularis externa layer of the alimentary canal
the muscle layer is made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
36
describe the serosa layer of the alimentary canal
it is the outermost layer of the wall, half of a serous membrane pair, the viseral peritoneum consists of a single layer of flat, serous fluid- producing cells. the visceral peritonium is continuous with the slippery parietal peritonium, which lines the abdominalpelvic cavity. the mesentery is formed when two layers of peritonium are fused together. between the layers are lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels. Mesenteries anchor digestive organs in place and store fat.
37
what are the function of mesenteries
Mesenteries anchor digestive organs in place and store fat.
38
what are the 3 parts of the pharynx
the oropharynx- posterior to the oral cavity the larynopharynx- continuous with esophagus the nasopharynx- which divides to form the oropharynx and larynopharynx. it is not part of the digestive system
39
what are the functions of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
they are both common passages for foods, fluid and air
40
What is the esophagus known as
gullet
41
what are the two nerve plexes found in the alimentary canal
the submucosal nerve plexes myenteric nerve plexes
42
how does the hormone gastrin aid in digestion
* Stimulates release of gastric juice * Stimulates stomach emptying
43
how does the hormone Intestinal growth aid in digestion
Stimulates gastric secretion and emptying
44
how does the hormone histamine aid in digestion
Activates parietal cells to secrete hydrochloric acid
45
how does the hormone somatostatin aid in digestion
* Inhibits secretion of gastric juice and pancreatic juice * Inhibits emptying of stomach and gallbladder
46
how does the hormone secretin aid in digestion
* Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions * Increases bile output by liver * Inhibits gastric mobility and gastric gland secretion
47
how does the hormone cholecystokinin aid in digestion
* Increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice * Stimulates gallbladder to expel stored bile * Relaxes sphincter of duodenal papilla to allow bile and pancreatic juice to enter the duodenum
48
how does the gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) aid in digestion
* Inhibits secretion of gastric juice * Stimulates insulin release
49
what are the functions of the circular folds in the body
it increases the surface area of the small intestine and forces chyme to travel slowly so nutrients can be absorbed efficiently.
50
what are the functions of the large intestine
it major function is to dry out the indigestible food residue by absorbing water and to eliminate these residues from the body as feces.
51
functions of the appendix
helps with our immune system stores healthy types of gut bacteria
52
what is the order of the colon
cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon anal canal
53
what are the functions of the teeth
mastication- tearing and grinding food, breaking it into smaller pieces
54
what are the functions of saliva
* contains an enzyme called salivary amylase in a bicarbonate-rich alkaline juice that begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth. * saliva contains lysosomes and antibodies that inhibit bacteria * saliva dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted * saliva helps to moisten food and bind food together into bolus
55
functions of the liver
metabolic and regulatory roles produces bile

anatomy and physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions