The Digestive System Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the phases of digestion
- Ingestion
- Movement
- Mechanical and Chemical digestion
- Absorption
- Elimination
What actions take place when mechanical digestion is in place
Chew,tear,grind ,mash,mix
During chemical digestion,enzyme action improves digestion of what
Carbohydrates,proteins ,lipids
What is the digestive system organisation
Gastrointestinal tract (GI) Direct link between organs Structures -mouth -pharynx -Esophagus -stomach -small intestine -large intestine -rectum
What does the teeth do within the mouth
It mechanically breaks down food into small pieces
What does the salvia contain
Amylase which helps break down starch
What are the Epiglottis
Flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food food from entering it
Where is the Epiglottis located
In the pharynx
How long is the Esophagus
Approximately 20 cm
What do the Esophagus functions include
Secreting mucus and moving food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called the peristalsis
How is the stomach shaped
Like a J
What does the stomach do
It is a muscular bag that stores the food and breaks it down into tiny pieces
It mixes food with gastric juices that contains enzymes to break down proteins and lipids
What kills the bacteria in the stomach
Hydrochloric acid
What is chyme
Food found in the stomach
How long is the small intestine
7meters long
What do the finger-like projections do
The villi increase surface area
True or false
The villus is made up of one cell
False
It’s made up of many cells
The villi are covered in microvillie that do what
They further increase surface are for absorption
What do the small intestine absorb
80% ingested water Vitamin Minerals Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
True or false
Nutrients from the food passes into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine
True
What are the functions of the large intestine
- Bacterial digestion and fermentation of carbohydrates
- concentrates waste
- absorbs additional water
What is at the end of the large intestine
The Rectum (short term storage which holds feces before it’s expelled)
How long is the large intestine
1.5 meters
What do the glands include
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
