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MOVEMENT SCIENCE > the elbow complex (test 2) > Flashcards

the elbow complex (test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what joints makes up the elbow complex

A

elbow joint: humeroulnar and humeroradial joints
Proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ) and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)

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2
Q

the elbow joint is a ____ joint with ___ DOF

A

hinge
1 (flex/ext)

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3
Q

what plane does the elbow joint move in and around what axis

A

sagitall and coronal

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4
Q

the proximal radioulnar joint and distal radioulnar joint what type of joint and how many DOF

A

diarthrodial pviot joint and 1 DOF (sup/pro)

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5
Q

what is medially located on the humeroulnar articulation

A

trochlea

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6
Q

the trochelar groove divides into ___ and ___ portions

A

medial and lateral

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7
Q

what receives the coronoid process of ulnar at the end of elbow FLX

A

coronoid fossa

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8
Q

what is the proximal humeroradial articulation

A

capitulum

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9
Q

what does the capitulotrochlear groove separate

A

the capitulum from the trochlea

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10
Q

what receives the head of the radius in full elbow flex

A

radial fossa

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11
Q

what receives the olecranon process of ulna in full elbow extension

A

olecranon fossa

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12
Q

the trochlear , coronoid fossa, capitulum , radial fossa and olecranon fossa are apart of what joint structure

A

proximal joint structure of the elbow joint

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13
Q

the distal joint surface of the elbow joint is made up of what

A

radius and ulna

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14
Q

what part of the distal joint surface of the elbow has a concave surface called the trochlear notch with trochlear ridge

A

ulna

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15
Q

what process is at the proximal end of the trochlear notch of the ulna ? distal end?

A

olecranon process
coronoid process

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16
Q

what notch is lateral to the coronoid process of the ulna and what does it articulate with

A

radial notch and articulates with the radial head

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17
Q

what part of the distal joint surface of the elbow has a cup shaped concave surface called fovea

A

radius

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18
Q

the radius is surrounded by a ___ rim that fits into the ____ grooove

A

convex
Capitulotrochlear

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19
Q

in the humeroulnar joint what slides on what

A

trochlear notch slides on trochlea

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20
Q

in full flexion of the elbow joint at the humeroulnar joint , what process enter the coronoid fossa ?

A

coronoid process

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21
Q

during full extension of the elbow joint at the humeroulnar joint the olecranon process enters what

A

the olecranon fossa

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22
Q

at the humeroradial joint of the elbow what slides over what

A

the concave radial head slides over the convex capitulum

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23
Q

in full flexion of the elbow joint at the humeroradial joint , the rim of the radial head slides into what

A

radial fossa

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24
Q

in full flexion of the elbow joint at the humeroradial joint , what happens between the head and the capitulum

A

there is no contact

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25
Q

what kind of joint capsule is the elbow

A

large , loose and weak

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26
Q

the joint capsule of the elbow is continuous with and reiinforced by what

A

collateral ligaments

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27
Q

what lines the coronoid , radial and olecranon fossa of the elbow

A

synovial layer

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28
Q

what type of fold is there between the proximal radius and ulna

A

triangular synoival fold

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29
Q

hypertrophy of triangular synovial fold between the proximal radius and ulna can causes what

A

lateral epicondylalgia ,inflammation or degenerative changes

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30
Q

the triangular synovial fold can be aggravated by what kind of activities

A

repetitive such as reptitive gripping , wrist extension , pushups

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31
Q

hypertrophy of triangular synovial fold between the proximal radius and ulna can be improved how

A

distraction of humeroradial joint

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32
Q

the triangular synovial fold between the proximal radius and ulna is located on which side of the elbow

A

lateral

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33
Q

how many bundles for the MCL/ UCL have

A

3 ( ant, post , transverse )

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34
Q

the anterior bundle of the MCL is primary restraining to what

A

valgus stress ( arm going out )
20-120° of elbow flex

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35
Q

what bundle of the MCL limits elbow ext and less restraint to valgus stability

A

posterior

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36
Q

what bundle of the MCL may help keep joint surfaces in approximation

A

transverse

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37
Q

what does the LCL complex do

A

reinforces humeroradial articulation

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38
Q

the LCL provides some protection against what kind of stress

A

varus

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39
Q

what ligaments are secondary restraint to combined forced varus and supination forces

A

Lateral ulnar collateral lig and annular lig

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40
Q

what are the primary flexors of the elbow joint

A

brachialis
biceps brachii
brachiorad

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41
Q

what are primary extensors of the elbow joint

A

triceps
anconeus

42
Q

what is the normal carry angle

A

15°

43
Q

if someone has a carrying angle > 15° what is that called? what about < 15°

A

cubitus valgus
cubitus varus

44
Q

how much AROM is there at the elbow joint for flexion ? PROM?

A

AROM: 135-145
PROM: 150-160

45
Q

do you have more flexion of the elbow joint in sup or pronation

A

supination

46
Q

during full extension of the elbow joint where is the stability at

A

50% from the bone and 50% from LCL

47
Q

during 90° of elbow flexion where is the stability coming from

A

anterior part of MCL , resist valgus and distraction stress

48
Q

during full flexion of the elbow joint where is the stability coming from

A

coronoid process with fossa and rim of radial head

49
Q

what is part of the proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ)

A

radial notch or ulna
annular lig
radial head
radial fovea
humeral capitulum

50
Q

what is part of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)

A

ulnar notch of radius
radioulnar disc (triangular fibrocartilage complex )
head of ulna

51
Q

what ligaments are apart of the PRUJ

A

annular lig
quadrate lig
oblique cord

52
Q

what ligament encircles the radial head

A

annular lig

53
Q

does the annular lig limit anything?

A

no just adds stability

54
Q

the quadrate ligaments reinforces the ….

A

inferior aspect of the joint capsule

55
Q

what lig helps maintain radial head to radial notch

A

quadrate

56
Q

what does the quadrate lig limit

A

spin of radial head in sup and pro

57
Q

how do the fibers of the oblique cord run

A

fibers run at right angle to fibers of interosseous membrane

58
Q

what may the oblique cord do

A

may assist in preventing speration of radius and ulna

59
Q

the dorsal and palmar ligaments of the DRUJ extend along which margins

A

margins of the TFCC

60
Q

where does the dorsal and palmar ligaments of the DRUJ insert into

A

ulnar fovea and base of ulnar styloid

61
Q

the TFCC and DRUJ capsule can also provide what

A

stability

62
Q

after injury the DRUJ can limit what ? and what cna build up

A

ROM and scar tissue

63
Q

what stabilizes both the PRUJ and DRUJ

A

interosseous membrane

64
Q

how is the interosseous membrane during rotation of the radius and ulna

A

taut

65
Q

the radioulnar axis of motion is linked by a ____ longtitundinalaxis from radial head to ulnar head

A

single

66
Q

how is the radius and ulna aligned during supination

A

parallel

67
Q

what is supination limited by

A

tension in palmar radioulnar lig and oblique cord

68
Q

when is torque generation the greatest for supination? when the arm is in pronation or supination

A

pro

69
Q

during pronation how does the radius and ulna move

A

radius rotates around ulna

70
Q

what is limiting pronation

A

bone on bone
dorsal radioulnar lig
posterior fibers of MCL

71
Q

when is torque generation the greatest for pronation? when the arm is in pronation or supination

A

sup

72
Q

what is the ROM of radioulnar joint

A

150° (measure in elbow flx not ext dur to IR and ER)

73
Q

the radioulnar stability comes from muscular support of DRUJ from what muscles

A

pronator quadtrus and extensor carpi ulnaris tendon

74
Q

the radioulnar forearm is stabilized by what muscle in pro/sup and gripping activites

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

75
Q

the dorsal radioulnar lig is taut in what position

A

pro

76
Q

the palmar radioulnar lig is taut in what position

A

sup

77
Q

the interosseous lig supports what

A

force transmissions

78
Q

the TFCC transmits ___ and ____ forces and stabilizes what

A

compression and tension
carpals

79
Q

in weight bearing the interosseous has greater ground reaction force thru what

A

radial head due to size

80
Q

during weight bearing the interosseus between the radius and ulnar becomes ____

A

taut

81
Q

in weight bearing , the interosseus transmits forces from where to where

A

radial head to head of ulna

82
Q

functional total ROM required for most activities soo there is how many degrees of elbow flexion and how many degrees of forearm rotation

A

~100° of elbow flexion (30-130°)
~ 100° of forearm rotation (50° each sup/pro)

83
Q

T/F: hand and wrist muscles that cross the elbow help to stabilize the elbow during function ?

A

yes

84
Q

what part of the elbow becomes ossified at 4-7 years

A

medial epi

85
Q

what part of the elbow becomes ossified at 6 months - 2 years

A

capitulum

86
Q

when does the radial head become ossified

A

3-6 years

87
Q

when does the trochlear become ossified

A

7-10 years

88
Q

what bone of the elbow becomes ossified at 10-14 years

A

lateral epi

89
Q

when does the olecranon become ossified

A

6-12 years

90
Q

what is the MOI of bony compression injuries at the elbow

A

FOOSH with elbow in extension

91
Q

what is the results of a FOOSH with elbow extension

A

fx of proximal ulna and anterior dislocation of radial head

92
Q

what is the MOI of muscle compression injuries at the elbow

A

rep. contraction of flexor carpi ulnaris may compress ulnar nerve (pitching)

93
Q

nursemaid elbow is an example of what type of injury

A

distraction

94
Q

what is it called if the radis is pulled inferiorly from annular lig

A

nursemaids elbow

95
Q

what type of injury is UCL and medial joint instability secondary to repetitive valgus stress with pitching

A

varus/valgus injuries

96
Q

during varus/valgus injuries one side is ___ while the other is ___

A

compressed
distracted

97
Q

UCL instability can causes (increased/decreased ) carrying angle and radial head compression on ____ and can lead to asvascualr necrosis of ____

A

increased
capitulum 2x

98
Q

ulnar neuritis and medial/lateral epicondylitis is an example of what type of injury

A

varus/valgus injuries

99
Q

where is the highest incidences of peripheral neuropathies in the body

A

elbow joint

100
Q

why is the elbow join the highest incidences of peripheral neuropathies in the body

A

due to superfical positioning of nerves and mechanical/repepitive stresses on elbow

MOVEMENT SCIENCE (13 decks)

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