the end of the cold war

Question 1

detente

Answer 1

the period of easing of tensions

Question 2

SALT 1

Answer 2

strategic arms limitations talks (1972)
successfully limited the number of weapons both sides had
no production of ballistic missiles
sucessfully slowed down the arms race

Question 3

helsinki conference

Answer 3

USA and USSR and 33 other countries made declarations aboout three international issues (baskets)
1. security- USSR accepted west germany didnt belong to them
2. cooperation- need for closer economical, cultural and scientific links between superpowers
3. human rights- each superpower agreed to respect their scitizens human rights

Question 4

SALT 2

Answer 4

aim to limit every type of rocket and warhead
limited each superpower to 2400 nuclear weapon systems
the treaty wasnt signed due to invasion of afghanistan

Question 5

afghanistan

Answer 5

afghanistan was controlled by the soviets
brezhnev was worried that amin was talking to the USA
50000 soviet troops invaded afghanistan
amin replaced
USA didnt want soviet union to have more control over the middle east (could block their oil export)
americans saw this invasion as the USSR wanting to spread communism

Question 6

consequences of afghanistan

Answer 6

ended detente
worsened relations
USA stopped exportation of grain to USSR
arms race sped up again
USA gave economic aid to mujahedeen rebels
boycott moscow olympics
election of ronald reagan

Question 7

carter doctrine

Answer 7

Carter was appalled by soviet aggression in afghanistan so released a statement
he would not allow the USSR to gain control of the middle east
try to remove soviet troops from afghanistan
no trade with soviet union

Question 8

Reagan and star wars

Answer 8

new US president 1981
hard line anti communist
thought usa was being too soft
created ‘star wars’ (huge lazer sheild in space to prevent nuclear missiles hitting usa)
end to MAD, increase tensions
soviets economy was already experiencing problems so they couldnt afford to compete in the arms race

Question 9

Gorbachevs new thinking

Answer 9

perestroika- restructuring (producing more goods, freeing economy)
glasnost- openness (greater freedom of speech)
withdrew soviet troops from afghanistan
not to interfere with the running of countries outside the soviet union

Question 10

the summit meetings

Answer 10

reagan and gorbachev got on well
washington - sign INF treaty (banning nuclear and ballistic missiles)
malta- east germany to give more freedom to east berliners, lead to collaspe of belin wall
warsaw pact dissolved

Question 11

the fall of the berlin wall

Answer 11

symbolised end of cold war and soviet contol
reunited germany
end of warsaw pact