The Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Chemical control of the body through hormones

The endocrine system complements the nervous system by using hormones instead of electrical impulses.

Question 2

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system?

Answer 2

Uses hormones, reactions are slower, can result in permanent changes

Hormones are specific for certain organs and trigger slower responses compared to the rapid impulses of the nervous system.

Question 3

What are hormones?

Answer 3

Chemical substances that act as messengers in the body

They are produced by endocrine glands and target specific organs or cells.

Question 4

What is testosterone and what are some of its side effects?

Answer 4

A hormone with side effects including acne, mood changes

Testosterone can have various physiological effects on the body.

Question 5

What role does the hypothalamus play in the endocrine system?

Answer 5

Regulates homeostasis by checking the internal environment

It coordinates responses through the nervous system and signals the pituitary gland.

Question 6

What is the master gland of the endocrine system?

Answer 6

Pituitary gland

It releases hormones that maintain homeostasis in response to signals from the hypothalamus.

Question 7

List two hormones that control blood sugar levels.

Answer 7

• Insulin
• Glucagon

Insulin lowers blood sugar, while glucagon raises it by secreting stored sugar.

Question 8

What happens when you drink a lot of water?

Answer 8

You will always urinate, regardless of water intake

The body regulates fluid balance through urine production.

Question 9

What are diuretics and what effect do they have on the body?

Answer 9

Substances like caffeine and alcohol that increase urination

They inhibit the production of ADH, leading to increased fluid loss.

Question 10

What is diabetes?

Answer 10

A disease where the body does not produce or recognize insulin

It can be classified into type 1 and type 2 diabetes, each with different causes and effects.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The endocrine glands secrete hormones that act on _______.

Answer 11

target organs or target cells

Hormones exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells.

Question 12

What causes an increase in sugar consumption in modern diets?

Answer 12

Dramatic increase in sugar availability and consumption

Historically, the primary source of sugar was natural sources like fruits before the 20th century.

Question 13

What is the effect of ADH on urine production?

Answer 13

ADH decreases urine production

Antidiuretics like ADH help the body retain water.

Question 14

What are hormones?

Answer 14

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that coordinate body processes.

Question 15

What system is responsible for hormone production?

Answer 15

The endocrine system.

Question 16

How do hormones travel compared to nervous impulses?

Answer 16

Hormones travel slower than nervous impulses.

Question 17

What are the effects of hormones on the body?

Answer 17

They cause long-lasting effects and stabilize the body’s internal environment.

Question 18

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

Answer 18

Produces the hormone thyroxine, which regulates metabolism.

Question 19

What happens in the body when there is an excess of thyroxine?

Answer 19

It causes hyperactivity.

Question 20

What hormone do adrenal glands produce?

Answer 20

Adrenalin.

Question 21

What is the ‘fight or flight’ response?

Answer 21

A physiological reaction that increases heart rate and breathing, and diverts blood to muscles.

Question 22

What hormone do ovaries produce?

Answer 22

Oestrogen.

Question 23

What is the role of progesterone in females?

Answer 23

Thickens uterine wall and prevents contractions until childbirth.

Question 24

What hormone is produced by the testes?

Answer 24

Testosterone.

Question 25

What does insulin do?

Answer 25

Controls the conversion of blood glucose to insoluble glycogen.

Question 26

What condition is caused by a deficiency of insulin?

Answer 26

Sugar diabetes.

Question 27

What hormone does the pancreas produce to raise blood glucose levels?

Answer 27

Glucagon.

Question 28

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

Answer 28

Produces several hormones including growth hormone, ADH, and TSH.

Question 29

What is negative feedback in the context of hormone regulation?

Answer 29

A process that controls hormone production when the desired effect is achieved.

Question 30

What hormone does the pancreas release when blood glucose levels are high?

Answer 30

Insulin.

Question 31

What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin is released?

Answer 31

They decrease as glucose is converted to glycogen.

Question 32

What hormone does the pancreas release when blood glucose levels are low?

Answer 32

Glucagon.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The brain detects the level of glucose in the blood and stimulates the pancreas to release _______.

Answer 33

insulin.

Question 34

True or False: Excess glucose is safe for people with diabetes.

Answer 34

False.

Question 35

How can diabetes be controlled?

Answer 35

Regular insulin injections and a careful diet.

Question 36

What happens to excess glucose in a diabetic's blood?

Answer 36

It is excreted in urine.

Question 37

What is the job of the pancreas in the endocrine system?

Answer 37

To produce Glucagon(20%) and insulin(75%) Glucagon lowers glucose levels and insulin increases the entry of glucose into the body’s cells

Question 38

What are the major endocrine glands?

Answer 38

- Pineal Gland - Hypothalamus - Pituitary gland –thyroid gland - thymus - adrenal glands - kidneys - testes(in males) - Ovaries(in females)

Question 39

What hormone does the pineal gland excrete?

Answer 39

Melatonin. It is responsible for controlling your sleep cycle

Question 40

What hormone does the pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 40

Thyroid-Stimulating hormone(TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormones(LH). It sends these hormones to control the functions of the other endocrine glands

Question 41

What hormone does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 41

Thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronie(T3). It controls your metabolism rates

Question 42

What hormone does the thymus secrete?

Answer 42

Thymosin. It helps create and develop T cells

Question 43

What hormone does the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 43

Cortisol and adrenaline.

Question 44

What hormone does the kidney secrete?

Answer 44

Erythropoietin. It helps stimulate the production of red blood cells

Question 45

What’s is hormone production controlled by

Answer 45

Negative feedback. Eg: regulation of blood glucose level. Brain detects blood glucose levels-> pancrease is stimulated to release insulin->insulin stimulates the liver to take glucose from the blood and convert that into glycogen, which is stored in the liver->blood glucose levels decreases.