The Endocrine System

Question 1

Peptide Hormones

Answer 1

derived from a larger peptide they are amino acid proteins that are charged, and bind to extracellular protiens

Question 2

First/Second Messenger

Answer 2

First messenger binds to a receptor transmitting signal to the second messenger

Question 3

Common 2nd Messenges

Answer 3

cAMP, IP3, Calcium

Question 4

Steroid Hormones

Answer 4

derived from cholesterol and produced by the adrenal cortex and gonads. Easily cross the cell membrane to interact with intracellular receptors. Must be carried by proteins through blood

Question 5

albumin

Answer 5

a non-specific carrier protein for transporting hormones through blood

Question 6

amino-acid derivative hormones

Answer 6

derived from 1 or 2 amino acids and modified, include the adrenal and thyroid hormones

Question 7

direct hormones

Answer 7

Hormones that once secreted act directly on a target tissue

Question 8

Tropic hormones

Answer 8

Hormones that require an intermediate to act

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Bridge between the nervous and endocrine system, acts on the pituitary gland through tropic hormones

Question 10

Negative feedback

Answer 10

A product in a pathway inhibits an earlier step

Question 11

hypophyseal portal system

Answer 11

blood vessel system that directly connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 12

hypophysis

Answer 12

alternate term for the pituitary gland

Question 13

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

Answer 13

hypothalamus hormone that causes the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland

Question 14

GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)

Answer 14

hypothalamus hormone that causes the release of GH from the pituitary gland

Question 15

TRH (thyroid releasing hormone)

Answer 15

hypothalamus hormone that causes the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland

Question 16

CRF (corticotropin releasing factor)

Answer 16

hypothalamus hormone that causes the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland

Question 17

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Answer 17

Peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males

Question 18

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Answer 18

Peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that stimulates ovulation in females and test production in males

Question 19

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Answer 19

peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 20

TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

Answer 20

Peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

Question 21

Prolactin

Answer 21

Peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that stimulates milk production

Question 22

Endorphins

Answer 22

Peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that decreases sensation of pain and can promote euphoria

Question 23

GH (Growth hormone)

Answer 23

Peptide hormone released by the adenohypophysis that stimulates bone and muscle growth while raising blood glucose levels

Question 24

ADH (antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin)

Answer 24

Peptide hormone released by the neurohypophysis via the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 25

Oxytocin

Answer 25

Peptide hormone released by the neurohypophysis via the hypothalamus that stimulates uterine contraction during labor and milk production during lactation

Question 26

T3 and T4 (thyroxines)

Answer 26

Amino acid derivative hormones secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid that promote metabolic activity

Question 27

Calcitonin

Answer 27

Peptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid that decreases blood calcium concentrations

Question 28

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

Answer 28

Peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid that increases blood calcium concentrations

Question 29

Glucocorticoids

Answer 29

Cortisol and Cortisone, steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that increase blood glucose and decrease protein synthesis (antiinflammatory response)

Question 30

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 30

Aldosterone, steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that increases water and sodium reabsorption, while promoting potassium and hydrogen ion excretion

Question 31

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Answer 31

amino acid derivative hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that increases blood sugar, heart rate, and dilate bronchii

Question 32

Glucagon

Answer 32

Peptide hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates glycogen breakdown to increase blood sugar

Question 33

Insulin

Answer 33

peptide hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that lowers blood sugar and increases anabolism

Question 34

Somatostatin

Answer 34

peptide hormone secreted by the gamma cells of pancreas that suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

Question 35

Testosterone

Answer 35

Steroid hormone secreted by the testes that develops male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Question 36

Estrogen

Answer 36

Steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries that develops female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Question 37

Progesterone

Answer 37

Steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries that promote maintenance of the endometrium

Question 38

Melatonin

Answer 38

Peptide hormone secreted by the pineal gland that is involved in circadian rhythms

Question 39

erythropoietin

Answer 39

Peptide hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates bone marrow to produce erythocytes

Question 40

ANP (atrial natriuretic hormone)

Answer 40

Peptide hormone secreted by the heart that promotes salt and water excretion

Question 41

Thymosin

Answer 41

peptide hormone secreted by the thymus that stimulates T-cell development