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Psych (1.4.2) Biopsychology > The endocrine system > Flashcards

The endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus, which is connected to the pituitary gland.

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2
Q

What makes the hypothalamus the “control system” which regulates the endocrine system?

A

The fact it is responsible for the release and control of hormone levels from the pituitary gland (master gland) which control the levels of other hormones.

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3
Q

Which gland is often referred to as the “master gland”?

A

The pituitary gland.

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4
Q

Why is the pituitary gland known as the “master gland”?

A

Because the hormone released by the pituitary gland control and stimulate the release of hormones from other endocrine glands.

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5
Q

What are the two divisions of the pituitary?

A

The anterior and the posterior.

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6
Q

Where is oxytocin released from?

A

The posterior pituitary gland.

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7
Q

Where is adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH) released from?

A

The anterior pituitary gland.

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8
Q

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that evokes stress, what hormone causes cortisol release?

A

Adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH).

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9
Q

What hormone is released from the thyroid gland?

A

Thryoxine.

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10
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Uterus contractions during childbirth.

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11
Q

Which hormone is referred to as the ‘love hormone’?

A

Oxytocin.

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12
Q

What is the function of thryoxine.

A

Regulating metabolism.

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13
Q

What is the function of adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex and the release of cortisol during the stress response.

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14
Q

What implications would a hyper-active thyroid gland have?

A

A very high metabolism, making it very hard to remain at a healthy weight.

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15
Q

Where is melatonin released from?

A

The pineal gland.

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16
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

In the centre of the brain, slightly offset from the hypothalamus.

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17
Q

Name a hormone released form the posterior pituitary gland:

A
  • Oxytocin.

- Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).

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18
Q

Name a hormone released form the anterior pituitary gland:

A
  • Adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH).
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH).
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
  • Growth hormone (GH).
  • Prolactin.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
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19
Q

What hormone is released from the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin.

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20
Q

Where is the thyroid gland?

A

The butterfly-shaped gland sits low on the front of the neck, below your Adam’s apple, along the front of the windpipe.

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21
Q

The thyroid has two side lobes, what connects the two?

A

A bridge called isthmus.

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22
Q

What is the function of melatonin?

A

Controls biological rhythms such as the sleep-wake cycle.

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23
Q

What hormone is released from the adrenal medulla?

A

The medulla releases both adrenaline and noradrenaline, which act in the flight / fight response.

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24
Q

Describe the structure of the adrenal gland:

A

Two parts; medulla and cortex. The medulla is wrapped within the cortex.

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25
Q

Where is cortisol released from?

A

The adrenal cortex.

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26
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

They sit like sandbags on top of the kidneys.

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27
Q

Adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH) is released by the anterior pituitary gland, it results in the release of cortisol, how does it do this?

A

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.

28
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?

A

Adrenal medulla and Adrenal cortex.

29
Q

What is metabolism and which hormone controls it?

A

Metabolism is involved in the chemical process of converting food into energy, controlled by the hormone thyroxine.

30
Q

What is the function of cortisol?

A

It stimulates the release of glucose and suppresses the immune system.

31
Q

Which gland releases androgen?

A

Testes.

32
Q

Name a type of androgen:

A

Testosterone.

33
Q

When would cortisol be released?

A

During the stress response, a flight / fight situation.

34
Q

Which hormone is specific to females and where is it released from?

A

Oestrogen released from the ovaries.

35
Q

Which hormone is specific to males and where is it released from?

A

Testosterone released from the testes.

36
Q

Explain how the release of cortisol helps during the flight / fight response?

A

The hormone stimulates the release of glucose and suppresses non-essential functioning (immune system, digestion…), which provides the body with more energy to respond.

37
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

It controls the development of male sex characteristics during puberty, while promoting muscle growth.

38
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

Regulation of the female reproductive system, including the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

39
Q

Which gland releases a hormone that causes muscle growth in boys during puberty?

A

Testes.

40
Q

Which glands are exclusive to males and females.

A 
Males = Testes.
Females = Ovaries.
41
Q

How are hormones carried around the body?

A

In the bloodstream.

42
Q

What are the three types of hormones?

A
  • Steroids.
  • Peptides.
  • Monoamines.
43
Q

What type of hormone is derived from cholesterol?

A

Steroids.

44
Q

Where is Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secreted from?

A

The posterior pituitary gland.

45
Q

Which gland sits on the kidneys?

A

The adrenal gland.

46
Q

What allows hormones to travel to cells in other parts of the body?

A

The hormones are transported in the blood.

47
Q

How fast acting is the endocrine system?

A

Relatively long but last long.

48
Q

Which gland acts a liaison between the nervous and endocrine systems?

A

The hypothalamus.

49
Q

What does Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) do?

A

Maintains water concentrations in the kidney.

50
Q

What type of relationship is present between the anterior pituitary gland and the thyroid gland?

A

Negative feedback loop,

51
Q

What is Epinephrine?

A

Adrenaline.

52
Q

What is the biggest gland in the body?

A

Pancreas.

53
Q

Where is insulin released from?

A

Pancreas.

54
Q

What are the main hormones released by the pancreas?

A

Insulin and Glucagon.

55
Q

What is the role of insulin?

A

Control blood glucose level by converting it to glycogen for storage.

56
Q

Where is glucagon released from?

A

Pancreas.

57
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

Converts glycogen into blood glucose.

58
Q

Where are Estrogens and Progestins formed?

A

Ovaries.

59
Q

Where is Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) formed?

A

Hypothalamus.

60
Q

Where is luteinizing hormone (LH) produced?

A

The anterior pituitary gland.

61
Q

What is the function of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

LH stimulates testosterone production in men and egg release (ovulation) in women.

62
Q

Where is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) produced?

A

The anterior pituitary gland.

63
Q

Gigantism is caused by an excess of growth hormone (GH), where is GH released from?

A

The anterior pituitary gland.

64
Q

Where is the pineal gland?

A

Deep in the brain in the epithalamus, where two halves of the brain join together.

65
Q

The pineal gland contains a very high level of which ion?

A

Calcium.

66
Q

What is vapopressin?

A

ADH.

67
Q

Where is the word hormone descended from and what does this suggest about their function?

A

The Greek word ‘hormao’ which mean ‘excite’, telling us that hormones stimulate (excite) a particular part of the body.

Psych (1.4.2) Biopsychology (13 decks)

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