The Endocrine System (Chpt. 35 )

Question 1

Gland

Answer 1

A structure that releases a product

Question 2

Endocrine gland

Answer 2

Secretes hormones directly into the blood

→ ductless

Question 3

Exocrine gland

Answer 3

Secretes its products into a duct
E.g. Salivary glands, sweat glands

Question 4

Examples of exocrine glands

Answer 4

Salivary glands

Sweat glands

Question 5

Nerve action VS Hormone action

Question 6

Hormone

Answer 6

Chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where it has a specific effect

Question 7

Types of hormones & examples p

Answer 7

Protein e.g. Insulin

Steroids (lipids) e.g. Reproductive hormones

Question 8

How many major endocrine glands in body? Name them.

Answer 8

10

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
3. Pineal
4. Thyroid
5. Parathyroids
6. Thymus
7. Adrenal
8. Ovaries
9. Testes
10. Pancreas (islets of langerhans)

Question 9

Name a gland that has an endocrine and exocrine function

Answer 9

Pancreas

Endocrine - insulin
Exocrine - digestive enzymes

Question 10

Over production of a hormone (cause, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 10

Thyroxine

Enlarged thyroid - goitre
Hunger, bulging eyes, weight loss, anxiety
Surgery to remove part of thyroid

→ Graves’ disease

Question 11

Hormone supplements (x2)

Answer 11

Insulin
Low insulin production - diabetes
Severe thirst, loss of weight, tiredness
Insulin injections

Thyroxine
Negative feedback
TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
Normal concentration of thyroxine inhibits TSH production
Low concentration of thyroxine allows TSH to be made

Question 12

Exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 12

Production of amylase / lipase

Question 13

Explain insulin resistance

Answer 13

Cells become less sensitive to insulin

Question 14

How does a response brought about by insulin differ from that brought about by a nerve action

Answer 14

Slower

Effect lasts longer