The endocrine system IV

Question 1

What does the posterior pituitary gland not do regarding hormones?

Answer 1

Synthesize them

Question 2

Which hormone is synthesised in the hypothalamus and secrete from the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 2

Neuropeptides

Question 3

What three factors can influence growth?

Answer 3

Genetics, environmental state and exercise

Question 4

How many hormones are involved in controlling growth?

Answer 4

At least 12

Question 5

What are some examples of hormones involved in growth?

Answer 5

Growth hormone, insulin growth factors (IGF), thyroid hormones, insulin, sex hormones and corsisol

Question 6

What is a major stimulus of postnatal growth?

Answer 6

Growth hormone

Question 7

What does growth hormone stimulate the liver to secrete?

Answer 7

IGF-1 (insulin growth factor 1)

Question 8

What intracellular process can growth hormone stimulate?

Answer 8

Protein synthesis

Question 9

What organs/body features can growth hormone affect?

Answer 9

Muscle, bones, adipose tissue

Question 10

What about the liver can growth hormone affect?

Answer 10

Its growth and function

Question 11

Why is GH stimulated during exercise?

Answer 11

It stimulates muscle growth

Question 12

How does GH stimulate muscle growth during exercise?

Answer 12

Via the release if IGF-1

Question 13

How does different types of exercise affect GH?

Answer 13

They will induce different GH responses

Question 14

Difference in GH responses between young and middle aged men?

Answer 14

Young individuals have a higher responsiveness

Question 15

What in the liver does growth hormone stimulate during exercise?

Answer 15

Gluconeogenesis

Question 16

What, in adipose tissue, does growth hormone stimulate?

Answer 16

The conversion of triglycerides to FFA and glycerol

Question 17

What does GH do to glucose during exercise?

Answer 17

Blocks entry into tissues

Question 18

What is the consequence of the blockage of glucose into tissues?

Answer 18

Increased FFA oxidation

Question 19

Differences between GH and insulin during exercise?

Answer 19

GH has the opposite response to exercise that insulin does

Question 20

Which hormones are secreted as a result of the endocrine response to stress?

Answer 20

Cortisol is released from the adrenal cortex, epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla

Question 21

Role of cortisol regarding (nor)epinephrine?

Answer 21

It permits their action on muscles and blood vessels

Question 21

What is cortisol’s role during long-term fasting and exercise?

Answer 21

It promote glucose synthesis in the liver

Question 22

What does cortisol do in adipose tissue?

Answer 22

Increases lipolysis

Question 23

What is a diurnal cycle?

Answer 23

One that repeats every day

Question 24

How does cortisol regulate the production of glucose and FA between meals?

Answer 24

It maintains the cellular concentration of metabolic enzymes required to produce them

Question 25

What is the role of a catabolic hormone?

Answer 25

Acts in synergy with other hormones to increase the supply of energy to the working muscle

Question 26

How are elite athletes levels of cortisol compared to the general population?

Answer 26

Higher

Question 27

What hormones mediate the fight or flight response?

Answer 27

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 28

What are catecholamines important for?

Answer 28

Stress responses

Question 29

How does epinephrine mediate the fight or flight response?

Answer 29

Increases heart rate & blood pressure Increases peripheral vasoconstriction Increases lipid breakdown Increases glycogen--> glucose Increases coronary and bronchial dilation

Question 30

How does norepinephrine respond to stress?

Answer 30

Increases heart rate and blood pressure and peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 31

What % of the catecholamine secreted by the medulla is epinephrine?

Answer 31

80

Question 32

How are norepinephrine and epinephrine linked?

Answer 32

Norepinephrine is a precursor of epinephrine