The Establishment Of Nazi Dictatorship

Question 1

When was ‘Black Thursday’ ? Why was it referred to it like this?

Answer 1

24th Oct 1929
because it was known as the wall street crash
Also on 29th Oct 1929: further fall on the Tuesday

Question 2

Why was the wall street crash so significant especially for the German economy ?

Answer 2

Worst ever fall in share prices on the NY stock exchange
Largest American companies fell in value by $10 billion
Companies went bankrupt
Workers lost jobs
Banks stopped lending and called in loans
Started in the USA, spread around the world.

Question 3

Why was the wall street so significant for the German economy?

Answer 3

Golden Age recovery had relied on American loans (Dawes and Young)
American banks demanded immediate repayment
USA used to be Germany’s greatest export partner – not anymore
1929-32: export trade fell by 61%, industrial production fell by 58%
Depression

Question 4

How much had export fallen due to the wall street crash?

Answer 4

1929-32: export trade fell by 61%, industrial production fell by 58%
Depression

Question 5

what was the chain of events caused by the wall street crash and the US government recalling loans?

Answer 5

US calls in loans
German industry looses finance and lowers production as well as laying of workers
people spend less, prices drop, demand falls
looses more money, lowers production more and lays of more workers
people spend less and prices drop
depression

Question 6

what happened to foreign trade in Germany compared with other countries?

Answer 6

Industry hit more than other countries (Britain only fell by 11%, rather than Germany’s 58%)
Foreign trade declined due to lack of buyers and falling prices
Industrial areas of the Ruhr, Silesia and port cities (Hamburg) hit especially hard
Companies had to declares bankruptcy and make their workers redundant

Question 7

what happened to unemployment in Germany due to the wall street crash?

Answer 7

1932: a third of all German workers (recorded)
Many redundant workers especially women did not register
Jan ‘33: estimated 8 million
Civil service faced severe cuts in staffing (wage reductions for those that remained)

Question 8

how were farmers effected by the wall street crash

Answer 8

Struggled during the Golden Age but Depression worsened the situation
Prices collapsed
Exports of agricultural goods declined
Food sales fell
Farmers forced to give up farms due to banks demanding loan repayments
Farm labourers/hands lost jobs

Question 9

How did benefits change due to the wall street crash?

Answer 9

Welfare budget overwhelmed
1930: limit amount of benefits being paid
Unemployed only allowed state benefit for a fixed period (then apply to local authorities for help)
Local benefits were less generous and means-tested
Women got less benefit than men
Young people got less benefit than adults
Single-industry towns hit harder

Question 10

What were some effects on the working class because of a cut in welfare benefits?

Answer 10

Tuberculosis and rickets rose due to poor nutrition and bad living conditions
Malnutrition amongst many children
Suicide rate increased
Mass evictions due to lack of rent being paid
Tent cities and shanty towns appeared on the edges of major cities

Question 11

How was food like during the depression for the working class?

Answer 11

per family:
6 potatoes
1 cabbage
1 stick of butter
1 loaf of bread

Question 12

How was youth employment impacted due to the depression?

Answer 12

Hamburg, June ‘33: male = 39%, female = 25.2%
Gang membership (and public gatherings) increased
Worries of crime and extremism especially amongst young men

Question 13

overall what effect did the depression have on crime?

Answer 13

Overall rate of crime did not increase -Number of accused increased
Charges of theft increased
Charges against the state (violent disorder during political demonstrations) increased
Charges of assault and threatening behaviour increased

Question 14

How did extremist parties react to the depression and the wall street crash?

Answer 14

KPD: recruited youths from the ‘wild cliques’ to cause trouble in the streets
Nazi Hitler Youth and the SA offered food, uniforms, shelter and the thrill of street battles- relive boredom of unemployment
Most unemployed youths had little or no contact with such groups

Question 15

How did the government try and improve the situation for the youth?
And how did the youth react to these “improvements”?

Answer 15

Govt. wanted to lessen the effect on the youth
Day centres of work-related activities (could also socialise)
Compulsory labour schemes: unskilled manual labour and lower-than-minimum wages
Schemes were unpopular, Strikes against such pay: October 1930, June 1932
Voluntary labour schemes: residential work camps for 6 months
Priority was getting them off the streets, not necessarily into permanent, long-term work

Question 16

What was the double earners act?

Answer 16

Double-earners’. May 1932: Law was passed-married women civil servants could be dismissed (limited to central govt. employees, if economic circumstances were secure)

Question 17

what effect did the depression have on female employment and rights overall?

Answer 17

Female proportion of the workforce increased
Debate regarding should married women be in work when males are unemployed was reignited (fuelled by right-wing parties)
Reich Postal Service fired 1000 married women
The cause of equal rights for women suffered a setback during the depression

Question 18

who was in the grant coalition during the depression ?

Answer 18

SPD
DVP
CENTRE
DDP
ALL THE MODERATE PARTIES

Question 19

How did the grand coalition react to the depression and the wall street crash?
what ultimately happened?

Answer 19

State budget deficit splits the Grand Coalition:
DVP want to reduce unemployment benefit
SPD want to protect benefits and raise taxes

March 1930: Chancellor Müller resigned

Question 20

Who was the chancellor after mulller?

Answer 20

Heinrich Brüning (Centre Party leader) becomes chancellor orer of hindenburg
Decision influenced by two major figures:
General Groener (Defence Minister since 1928)
General Kurt von Schleicher (Groener’s political advisor)

Question 21

what way did bruning lean?

Answer 21

Army playing a key role in politics. Both opposed parliamentary democracy
Opportunity for authoritarian-style rule (Brüning had authoritarian leanings)

Question 22

what was the political situation in Germany after the election in 1930?

Answer 22

Extremist parties of left and right gained the most in 1930 election.
Communists gained over 1 million votes,77 seats in the Reichstag.
More significant was the support for the Nazi party September 1930, they gained nearly 6.5 million votes and their representation in the reichstag 107 seats, making them the second largest party.

Question 23

How can democracy be questioned after the 1930 elections?

Answer 23

Reichstag became unmanageable and did not meet at all between February and October 1931.
Political power in Weimar Germany had shifted from the Reichstag to the President and his advisors and even to the streets.

Question 24

how did the two extremists groups interact in the streets?

Answer 24

Red-Front Fighters’ League (Paramilitary arm of the KPD party, under leadership of Ernst Thalmann) VS Nazi Stormtroopers: essentially taking the political struggle out onto the streets.
Each side liked to break up meetings and marches—the latter usually becoming riots because of the unrest caused by both.
Violence particularly bad at election times.

Question 25

Who were the Red-Front Fighters’ League

Answer 25

(Paramilitary arm of the KPD party, under leadership of Ernst Thalmann)

Question 26

what did the consistent violence in the street cause bruning to do?

Answer 26

Brüning asked Hindenburg to ban the SA. Hindenburg agreed and enacted it through presidential decree. SA membership grew and by 1932, the SA were estimated to have 400,000 members.

Question 27

Why did the nazi's appeal to the right wing?

Answer 27

opposition to communism led many landowners and businessmen to support the Nazis – they were seen as the only credible right-wing alternative to the left-wing parties. belief in the supremacy of the German race appealed to nationalists. paramilitary groups reminded people of the comradeship they shared as soldiers during World War One the promise to re-militarise Germany would bring in huge industrial contracts – bringing support from many industrialists

Question 28

what was the Nazi ideology?

Answer 28

Power of the Will Racial Community Aggressive Nationalism Struggle and War Anti-Semitism Führerprinzip National-Socialism

Question 29

How did Hitler spread his ideology early on?

Answer 29

25 SPOINT PROGRAMME OF 1920. Creation of a nazi state. Hitler presented the program at the Hofbräuhaus Beerhall in Munich, Germany on February 24, 1920. and in his book

Question 30

How did hilter get funding?

Answer 30

Hitler attracted funding from the rich who were scared of a communist takeover in Germany. He used this money to fund propaganda and organise Nazi election campaigns too. Fritz Thyssen- One of the early financial backers of the Nazi Party

Question 31

What was the power the will?

Answer 31

if the Hitler presented himself as ; Force for change symbolise Power, strength and determination to succeed made Hitler who he was Discipline and unity, reinforced by imagery of the SA- sweep all opponents aside

Question 32

what was struggle and war?

Answer 32

Struggle and conflict between races was part of the natural order of things - (Social-Darwinism) Scientific justification. War would reconstruct society and create an empire through conquest and subjugation of other races.

Question 33

What was a racial community?

Answer 33

people’s community,, Only Aryans could be citizens of the state. All others denied citizenship, ‘subjects’ of the state instead. Within the ‘real community’- No social classes and all Germans would have equal opportunities Benefit from employment and welfare benefits

Question 34

National Socialism

Answer 34

NSDAP in an attempt to gain working class support. Gain working class support and differentiate from communists Anti-capitalism similar to communist aims: Confiscation of war profits Nationalisation of large monopoly companies Confiscation of land from larger estates without any compensation for the owners 1929: sought support of wealthy businessmen such as Fritz Thyssen

Question 35

Führerprinzip

Answer 35

Democracy: weak, ineffective, alien, and encouraged communism, an even greater evil. ictatorship One-party state based on the principle of leadership Within the party, Hitler had supreme control over policy and strategy, and party members became subordinated to Hitler’s will.

Question 36

Aggressive Nationalism

Answer 36

Reverse Versailles-’unlimited blackmail and shameful humiliation’. Restore lands Establish a ‘Greater German Reich’

Question 37

Anti-Semitism

Answer 37

Hitler saw the Jews as responsible for all of Germany’s ills. Greedy, cunning, motivated, stateless, parasitic, attempting to secure dominance ‘Parasite in the body of other nations’ Blamed for: Capitalism Communism Germany’s war defeat Versailles Germany’s status Political weaknesses of Weimar

Question 38

Keys to Nazi Electoral Success

Answer 38

hitler Anti sematism propoganda

Question 39

Joseph Goebbels

Answer 39

Forms: Nazi newspapers Posters and leaflets Rallies and marches with songs (numbers suggested strength) Films

Question 40

Nazi Electoral Success: Hitler

Answer 40

Charisma Orator- able to convince people he had the answers Speeches lasted hours, repetitive, lies Played on emotions and fears Tailored message to audience

Question 41

Nazi Electoral Success: Anti-Semitism

Answer 41

Jews as scapegoats in their propaganda More expression of anti-Semitism after the Crash ‘Jewish capitalism’. Not the main reason people voted Nazi (work and bread was) Nazi speakers encouraged open attacks- cause of economic troubles SA chant: ‘Juda verrecke’ (‘Down with the Jews’), beat Jews up in the street Influenced some voters to vote Nazi ‘31-’32: propaganda posters seemed to focus on economy rather than anti-Semitism

Question 42

How could propaganda be the main reason for Nazi electoral success?

Answer 42

Message changed for different groups Nazi speakers were wekll trained in oratorial techniques and in the ideology Main message: anti-Weimar and instead offered a vague but powerful vision of a prosperous and united Germany restored to its rightful position among the Great powers of Europe Forms:

Question 43

How was propaganda spread?

Answer 43

Forms: Nazi newspapers Posters and leaflets Rallies and marches with songs (numbers suggested strength) Films

Question 44

How much had membership for the KPD increased in 1932?

Answer 44

1932 membership: 360,000

Question 45

How did the KPD's focus change regarding voters to target because of the depression?

Answer 45

Growing in force in large industrial areas KPD moved from focus on trade unions to unemployed after the crash ‘Committees of the unemployed’

Question 46

what did the KPD to encourage votes for themselves?

Answer 46

Hunger marches Protested against benefit cuts Tried to persuade ‘wild cliques’ to attack the police, reform schools and labour exchanges (job centres) Red-Front Fighters’ league of the KPD engaged in frequent battles with the Nazis and SA as well as the police Defending the working-class from Nazism Some districts fell under communist control, Wedding district of Berlin fell under communist control.

Question 47

Weaknesses of German Communism

Answer 47

Membership turnover high, more than 50% of its new members in 1932 left within a few months Support contained to industrial areas Limited appeal amongst women Short of money Focussed too much on fighting the ‘social-fascists’ of the SPD rather than the actual fascists of the Nazi Party

Question 48

Strengths of German Communism

Answer 48

Propaganda attracted members (Thälmann’s speeches) and posters-class struggle and smashing of the capitalist system. Appeals to the unemployed. ‘Bread and Freedom’ Internationalism emphasised Appealed to the post-crash desperate Nov ‘32: 16.9% of the Reichstag election vote Success at street/neighbourhood level Perceived threat from middle classes

Question 49

KPD after the Depression

Answer 49

A workers revolution was inevitable They could replace the SPD as the leading left wing party The SPD were ‘Social Fascists’ The Depression would be the final nail in capitalisms coffin

Question 50

Policies and Ideology of the KPD

Answer 50

election platform of the KPD reflected its revolutionary Communist ideology End to benefit and wage cuts Legalisation of abortion Close cooperation with the USSR End to military spending Creation of a workers’ state Ultimate aim: overthrow Weimar Republic - regardless of participation in the elections

Question 51

What date did chancellor become chancellor?

Answer 51

30th January 1933, which the Nazi party would share power with the DNVP and others, including Franz von Papen.

Question 52

What was some reasons hindenburg agreed to make Hitler chancellor?

Answer 52

Hitler was the leader of the largest party in Reichstag, Hindenburg and Papen believed his inexperience could easily be manipulated by the more experienced politicians in his cabinet.

Question 53

Why did Brunings coalition fall? | Bruning’s coalition was in power from March 1930 until May 1932

Answer 53

Economics: Brüning cut: welfare benefits, wages, no. of civil servants- dubbed the ‘Hunger Chancellor’, did not improve the depression Feb ‘32: 6 million unemployed, as unemployment increased, so did support for the Nazi party

Question 54

why was Brunings coalition unsuccessufull in the forst place?

Answer 54

Hindenburg and Schleicher propped Brüning up - coalition had no majority Von Schleicher had wanted to establish a more authoritarian style of government in Germany

Question 55

what was one significant action during Brunings coalition that impacted the NSDAP's rise to power?

Answer 55

Bruning imposed SA ban 1932- Schleicher withdrew support for fear of Nazi uprising due to SA banning (also worried a future govt. would need the Nazis) In talks with Schleicher, Hitler refused to join a coalition government unless he was appointed chancellor, something that Schleicher was not willing to do.

Question 56

Why was hitler refusing to be in a coalition until 1933?

Answer 56

Schleicher-Hitler talks resulted in the latter demanding chancellorship; Schleicher refused

Question 57

Why were the conditions hitler expresed for not apposing the new government and what did bruning do in return for this?

Answer 57

Hitler agreed to not oppose new govt. on two terms: new Reichstag election, SA ban lifted Brüning tried to use presidential decree again, which Hindenburg refused to sign Brüning's resignation led to a new cabinet: Chancellor: Franz von Papen Defence Minister: Schleicher

Question 58

What was Franz von Papen’s background before becoming Chancellor?

Answer 58

A: He was a former aristocratic army officer with a wide network of political influence.

Question 59

Q: Which political party did Franz von Papen belong to?

Answer 59

t.A: The Centre Party. although he was antidemocratic wanted to restore the powers of the old elite and an authoritarian governmen

Question 60

What position did Papen hold before becoming Chancellor in May 1932?

Answer 60

A: Minister President of Prussia.

Question 61

How did Papen try to gain support from the Nazi Party?

Answer 61

A: He lifted the ban on the SA and removed the SPD government in Prussia.

Question 62

: Who removed Papen from power in December 1932? A:

Answer 62

General Kurt von Schleicher. but he returned by having secret negotiations with hitler

Question 63

How did Papen, with the support of Hindenburg and Schleicher, attempt to form a government in 1932, and what was its political basis?

Answer 63

Hindenburg and Schleicher, with Papen, attempted to establish a government of 'national concentration' by constructing it on a non-party political basis.

Question 64

Whatwas the cabinet of barons?

Answer 64

Cabinet of Barons’: 2 DNVP members and non-politicians from landowning and industrial elite Rule by decree due to lack of Reichstag support

Question 65

what was the cabinet of barons beliefs ?

Answer 65

Believed democracy had allowed communism to grow and communism was the greatest threat Sympathised with Nazi ideas (Nazis could be a useful tool) with their mass popular support ‘national concentration’.

Question 66

When was the ban on the SA lifted?

Answer 66

June ‘32: lifted ban on SA, imposed curbs on left-wing press

Question 67

what reasoning did papun use to implement authoritarian rule in prussia?

Answer 67

Street violence increased especially during the Reichstag election campaign on July 1932, which gave Papen an excuse to impose authoritarian rule in Germany’s largest state, Prussia

Question 68

what serious event happened on the 17th July 1932?

Answer 68

One of the most serious incidents of political violence occurred 17th July: massive clash in Altona (suburb of Hamburg), SA versus communists Police fired on communists: 18 killed, 100+ injured Papen blamed Prussia’s govt. (SPD-led) for the breakdown of law and order

Question 69

what did the event on july 1932 give an excuse for papun to do?

Answer 69

He used this as an excuse Local govt. dismissed State-of-emergency in Prussia Berlin: army used to enforce law and order Papen becomes Reich Commissioner for Prussia Prussian civil service purged of SPD supporters Although Papen had the support of Hindenburg what he did went far beyond the constitutional powers he had

Question 70

: What happened to Germany’s political atmosphere during this july 1932 election ?

Answer 70

A: It became increasingly polarized.

Question 71

what paries lost significance in the 1932 election?

Answer 71

moderate parties

Question 72

why pary was the strongest of the right and main political force?

Answer 72

NSPD

Question 73

Q: Which groups did the Nazis succeed in attracting? : Which groups did the Nazis fail to attract?

Answer 73

A: Middle-class voters, many first-time voters, and the unemployed A: Voters from the SPD, KPD, and Catholic Centre Party.

Question 74

What action did the Nazis and other parties take against Papen’s government? Q: What was the result of the vote of no confidence? Q: How did Papen respond to the vote of no confidence?

Answer 74

A: They passed a vote of no confidence. A: It passed by 512 votes to 42. A: He asked Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections in November 1932.

Question 75

How many votes did the nazi part loose and what coukd be the reason for this?

Answer 75

they lost 2 million votes a main reason forthis could be because their voters were fed up of Hitlers refules of joining a coalition because it wenrt agianst one of his core beliefs of power of the will. so the voters went back to traditional right wing parties that had origally protected their interests.

Question 76

What strike did the Nazis support that alienated middle-class voters? Q: Why was Nazi support for the Berlin strike controversial? Q: What financial challenge did the Nazis face in late 1932?

Answer 76

A: A communist-led transport strike in Berlin. A: It alarmed middle-class voters who feared a communist revolution. A: Strained funding due to three election campaigns in eight months.

Question 77

who was the biggest looser in the 1932 election?

Answer 77

Von papun Anti-Papen Reichstag Army (main tool for authoritarian rule) started to lose faith in him Schleicher outright stated that Papen’s career was over, especially without the army 17th November, 1932: Papen resigns

Question 78

Flashcard 7 Q: Which party made gains in the November 1932 election?

Answer 78

A: The Communist Party (KPD).

Question 79

Who held the real political power behind the scenes in Germany in 1932?

Answer 79

they helped shape his presidentail decisions A: A small group of advisers in President Hindenburg’s inner circle. like oscar von hindenburg his son, Kurt von Schleicher, Oskar von Hindenburg, and Dr. Otto Meissner.

Question 80

What were SCHLEICHER aims gaining support in the reichstag?

Answer 80

Aftert becoming chancellor his main goal was to get the nazi on side so he decided to start negociation with strasser the nazi party organier but his led to strasser being expelled from the party so hitler could reassert his authority over the party. And therifore the chancellor's failed in his aims.

Question 81

How did SCHLEICHER try and get the socialists and the trade unions support?

Answer 81

Papen’s wage and benefit cuts cancelled Considered large-scale job creation and breaking up estates to give land to farmers however this aelianted his tradition voters the industrialists and the middle class who were the backbone of German conservative politics

Question 82

How did SCHLEICHER gain support?

Answer 82

He didn't he wanted to get hindemurg to sign a decree to basically make hima dictoator but he refused so it led to his resignation

Question 83

How did papen gain back favour and regain his footing in politics?

Answer 83

apen and Hitler had been conversing about forming a govt. Hitler’s aim: chancellor, but would consider coalition Alfred Hugenberg (DNVP leader) open to a Nazi coalition President’s inner circle (excluding Schleicher) agreed to a Hitler-led coalition. Hindenburg had doubts

Question 84

Why did hindenburg agree to make hitler chanclellor?

Answer 84

He agreed because his advisers elieved that Hitler, who was poorly educated and inexperienced in government would be easy to control.

Question 85

When hitler became chancellor how many of his chancellors were from the nazi party and what ws a common viuew held by party members?

Answer 85

3/12 ministers were Nazi Papen = Vice-Chancellor, Minister-President of Prussia, right to be present at President-Chancellor meetings Real decisions made by non-Nazi party - who belonged to the ‘Old Elite’ Common view: Hitler would not be able to dominate

Question 86

What did hitler do to mark his anougration as chancellor?

Answer 86

Hitler stood on the balcony of Reich chancellery to review a torchlight procession by around 100,000 Nazi members winding its way through the streets of the capital, Berlin. It was a spectical to make a persanal victory as well as a nationalist revolution

Question 87

whe hitler become chancellor how had the SA and the police been effected?

Answer 87

SA expanded: Jan ‘33: 500,000 members Jan ‘34: 3 million members and SA violence had been legalised Late Feb ‘33: SA and Stahlhelm merged = ‘auxiliary police’ Normal police could not interfere with SA activities this was contolled by memebers of hitlers cabinet

Question 88

how did hitler attack his opposition particulally the left?

Answer 88

SA attacked trade union and KPD offices and left-wing politicians’ homes Gangs of storm troopers: SPD and KPD meetings broken up Centre Party newspapers banned after criticising the Nazi regime (SA attacked their party meetings too) : young Nazi murdered SPD mayor of a small Prussian town, a communist killed in clashes with SA- crimes ignored by the police

Question 89

What was the original frmae work for the concentration camps?

Answer 89

Communists, socialists, trade unionists rounded up in makeshift concentration camps Old factories or barracks 8th March: Dachau (near Munich) – could house 5000 people. This became the model for later concentration camps July ‘33: 26,789 political prisoners had been sent to 70 camps ‘Protective custody’

Question 90

why did hitler call for the riechstag to be dissollved so there could be a relection?

Answer 90

Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and call elections Nazis most likely to win majority and strengthen position He aslo inreased his acts of terror against the KPD ans SPD to they could hardly campaign

Question 91

what happeed on feb 1933?

Answer 91

the reichstag was lit on fire

Question 92

the mainsuspected for the reichstag fire and who was arrested for it? what did it result the nazi to do?

Answer 92

Marinus van der Lubbe arrested and charged- suspicions the Nazis set him up in order to justify introducing repressive measures Nazis claimed it was a communist plot to start a revolution Used to justify immediate suspension of civil liberties Terror was now a legal method to crush opposition Terror was being used by the Nazis create a legal system that benefited only them…

Question 93

what happened in the aftermath of the reichstag fire?

Answer 93

Fear of a communist revolution Civil liberties have been suspended Use of terror to crush anti-Nazi feeling is now legal- Police had been given increased powers to enter and search premises The Reichstag fire decree- the decree of the protection of the people and the state

Question 94

what was the reichstag fire decree?

Answer 94

series of key decrees, legislative acts, and case law in the gradual process by which the Nazi leadership moved Germany from a democracy to a dictatorship. passed on February 28, 1933

Question 95

Decree for the Protection of the People and the State:

Answer 95

Giving Hitler ‘emergency’ powers Suspended civil and political rights guaranteed under the Constitution Govt. had increased powers: Could censor any publication, ban newspapers Central govt. could control state govt. if they didn’t act against Nazi political opponents | it was designed to leagalise a full scale assult on commuists

Question 96

Decree for the Protection of the People and the State: Police Power

Answer 96

Police had increased arresting powers: Could detain without charge anyone who was a threat to state security Could enter and search private premises

Question 97

what did hilter do to attack the communists?

Answer 97

Propaganda fuelled anti-communist sentiment ‘German Bolshevik Revolution’ SA violence increased arrested 10,000 reds in 2 weeks including most of its leaders KPD membership treated as treason by the courts, resulting in lengthy sentences Civil servants, judges and police more than happy to enforce such anti-left persecution as they were overwhelmingly conservative and nationalist-

Question 98

How did the nazi part campaign in the 1933 election?

Answer 98

backdrop of terror and intimidation SA controlled the streets Anti-Nazis in prison SPD and KPD offices smashed up and funds taken away Left meetings impossible Left posters destroyed as soon as they were put up SPD and KPD leaflet distribution could result in arrest Nazi propaganda was everywhere

Question 99

what can we learn from the 1933 elction?

Answer 99

Nazi vote had increased since the last election Hitler didn’t get his Nazi-only majority support for centre still struggled on Over half of the vote didn’t go to the Nazis Unfortunately, the DNVP allied itself with the Nazis – giving Hitler a combined majority in Reichstag

Question 100

Nazi's in the nazi cabinet

Answer 100

Minister without portfolio-Frick