The Expanse Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
Anneal
A
verb
1. heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool slowly, in order to remove internal stresses and make it easier to work.
“copper tubes must be annealed after bending or they will be brittle”
BIOCHEMISTRY
2. recombine (DNA) in the double-stranded form.
2
Q
Proselytize
A
verb
1. convert or attempt to convert (someone) from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.
“the programme did have a tremendous evangelical effect, proselytizing many”
2. advocate or promote (a belief or course of action).
“Davis wanted to share his concept and proselytize his ideas”
3
Q
Gamut
A
noun
1. the complete range or scope of something.
“the whole gamut of human emotion”
MUSIC
2. a complete scale of musical notes; the range of a voice or instrument.
“the orchestral gamut”
HISTORICAL
3. a scale consisting of seven overlapping hexachords, containing all the recognized notes used in medieval music, covering almost three octaves from bass G to treble E.
4
Q
Secession
A
noun
1. the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
“the republics want secession from the union”
HISTORICAL
2. the withdrawal of eleven southern states from the US Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War.
3. variant of Sezession.
5
Q
Ablation
A
noun
1. the surgical removal of body tissue.
2. the removal of snow and ice from a glacier or iceberg by melting or evaporation.
the erosion of rock, typically by wind action.
3. the loss of surface material from a spacecraft or meteorite through evaporation or melting caused by friction with the atmosphere.
6
Q
Anoxia
A
noun
TECHNICAL
1. an absence of oxygen.
MEDICINE
2. an absence or deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues; severe hypoxia.
“death due to anoxia resulting from strangulation”
7
Q
Prodigal
A
adjective
1. spending money or using resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant.
“prodigal habits die hard”
2. having or giving something on a lavish scale.
“the dessert was prodigal with whipped cream”
noun
1. a person who spends money in a recklessly extravagant way.
“he hated rich prodigals who lived useless, imprudent lives”
2. a person who leaves home to lead a prodigal life but later makes a repentant return.
8
Q
Ululate
A
verb
howl or wail as an expression of strong emotion, typically grief.
“women were ululating as the body was laid out”
9
Q
Consolidation
A
noun
1. the action or process of making something stronger or more solid.
“the permanent consolidation of peace”
2. the action or process of combining a number of things into a single more effective or coherent whole.
“a consolidation of data within an enterprise”
3. the action or process of combining a number of financial accounts or funds into a single overall account or set of accounts.
“a business selling debt consolidation services”
10
Q
Triplicate
A
adjective
existing in three copies or examples.
“triplicate measurements”
noun ARCHAIC
a thing which is part of a set of three copies or corresponding parts.
“the triplicate of the form shall be retained by the traveller”
verb
make three copies of; multiply by three.
“titles which have been sparingly ordered can be later duplicated or triplicated”
11
Q
Palsy
A
noun
DATED
1. paralysis, especially that which is accompanied by involuntary tremors.
“a kind of palsy had seized him”
ARCHAIC
2. a condition of incapacity or helplessness.
“is the calmness of philosophy, or the palsy of insensibility, to be looked for?”
verb
affect with paralysis and involuntary tremors.
“she feels as if the muscles on her face are palsied”
12
Q
Aft
A
adverb
at, near, or towards the stern of a ship or tail of an aircraft.
“Travis made his way aft”
adjective
situated at, near, or towards the stern of a ship or tail of an aircraft.
“the aft cargo compartment”
13
Q
Ebullient
A
adjective
1. cheerful and full of energy.
“she sounded ebullient and happy”
ARCHAIC
2. (of liquid or matter) boiling or agitated as if boiling.
“misted and ebullient seas”
14
Q
Affinity
A
noun
1. a natural liking for and understanding of someone or something.
“he had a special affinity with horses”
2. a similarity of characteristics suggesting a relationship, especially a resemblance in structure between animals, plants, or languages.
“a semantic affinity between two words”
3. relationship, especially by marriage as opposed to blood ties.
“the distinction between kinship and affinity is not always clear-cut”
BIOCHEMISTRY
4. the degree to which a substance tends to combine with another.
“the bacterial proteins bind to these molecules with high affinity”
15
Q
Tertiary
A
adjective
1. third in order or level.
“the tertiary stage of the disease”
BRITISH
2. relating to or denoting education at a level beyond that provided by schools, especially that provided by a college or university.
3. relating to or denoting the medical treatment provided at a specialist institution.
“patients in tertiary care”
GEOLOGY
4. relating to or denoting the first period of the Cenozoic era, between the Cretaceous and Quaternary periods, and comprising the Palaeogene and Neogene sub-periods.
CHEMISTRY
5. (of an organic compound) having its functional group located on a carbon atom which is itself bonded to three other carbon atoms.
6. (chiefly of amines) derived from ammonia by replacement of three hydrogen atoms by organic groups.
ECOLOGY
7. denoting or relating to carnivores that eat other carnivores and omnivores.
“the tertiary consumers must hunt for their food”
noun
GEOLOGY
1. the Tertiary period or the system of rocks deposited during it.
2. a lay associate of certain Christian monastic organizations.
“a Franciscan tertiary”
16
Q
Sclera
A
noun
the white layer of the eye that covers most of the outside of the eyeball.
17
Q
Autophagy
A
noun BIOLOGY
1. consumption of the body’s own tissue as a metabolic process occurring in starvation and certain diseases.
“the process of starvation-induced autophagy was recently the focus of extensive research”
2. destruction of damaged or redundant cellular components occurring in vacuoles within the cell.
18
Q
Slough
A
noun
1. a swamp.
NORTH AMERICAN
2. a side channel or inlet, or a natural channel that is only sporadically filled with water.
“Elkhorn Slough”
3. a situation characterized by lack of progress or activity.
“the economic slough of the interwar years”
4. the dropping off of dead tissue from living flesh.
“the drugs can cause blistering and slough”
verb
**1. shed or remove (a layer of dead skin).*
“a snake sloughs off its old skin”
2. get rid of (something undesirable or no longer required).
“he is concerned to slough off the country’s bad environmental image”
3. (of dead skin) drop off; be shed.
“it is a rare skin disease in which the skin sloughs off”
4. (of soil or rock) collapse or slide into a hole or depression.
“an eternal rain of silt sloughs down from the edges of the continents”
19
Q
Cessation
A
noun
the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
“the cessation of hostilities”
20
Q
Pogrom
A
noun
an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jewish people in Russia or eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
“the pogroms of the 1880s drove many westwards to the USA”
21
Q
Aggrandize
A
verb
1. increase the power, status, or wealth of.
“an action intended to aggrandize the Frankish dynasty”
2. enhance the reputation of (someone) beyond what is justified by the facts.
“he hoped to aggrandize himself by dying a hero’s death”
22
Q
Flechette
A
noun
1. a type of ammunition resembling a needle, used in bombs, shells, and guns.
“doctors say they have pulled flechettes from dead and wounded fighters”
2. a shell containing flechettes.
“the flechette exploded and part of it penetrated the southern and western walls”
23
Q
Fulcrum
A
noun
1. the point against which a lever is placed to get a purchase, or on which it turns or is supported.
2. a thing that plays a central or essential role in an activity, event, or situation.
“research is the fulcrum of the academic community”
24
Q
Actinic
A
adjective TECHNICAL
(of light or lighting) able to cause photochemical reactions, as in photography, through having a significant short wavelength or ultraviolet component.
25
Easel
*noun*
**a wooden frame for holding an artist's work while it is being painted or drawn.**
26
Intercession
*noun*
**1. the action of intervening on behalf of another.**
"he only escaped ruin by the intercession of his peers with the king"
**2. the action of saying a prayer on behalf of another.**
"prayers of intercession"
27
Patois
*noun*
**1. the dialect of a particular region, especially one with low status in relation to the standard language of the country.**
"the nurse talked to me in a patois that even Italians would have had difficulty in understanding"
**2. the jargon or informal speech used by a particular social group.**
"the raunchy patois of inner-city kids"
28
Staunch
*adjective*
**1. very loyal and committed in attitude.**
"a staunch supporter of the anti-nuclear lobby"
**2. (of a wall) of strong or firm construction.**
"these staunch walls could withstand attack by cannon"
ARCHAIC
**3. (of a ship) watertight.**
"powerful and stanch boats"
*verb*
**1. stop or restrict (a flow of blood) from a wound.**
"he staunched the blood with whatever came to hand"
**2. stop the flow of blood from (a wound).**
29
Dirge
*noun*
**1. a lament for the dead, especially one forming part of a funeral rite.**
**2. a mournful song, piece of music, or sound.**
"singers chanted dirges"
INFORMAL
**3. a song or piece of music that is considered too slow, miserable, or boring.**
"after his ten-minute dirge, the audience booed"
30
Yeoman
*noun*
HISTORICAL
**1. a man holding and cultivating a small landed estate; a freeholder.**
**2. a person qualified for certain duties and rights, such as to serve on juries and vote for the knight of the shire, by virtue of possessing free land of an annual value of 40 shillings.**
HISTORICAL
**3. a servant in a royal or noble household, ranking between a sergeant and a groom or a squire and a page.**
HISTORICAL
**4. a member of the yeomanry force.**
**5. (in the Royal and other Commonwealth navies) a petty officer concerned with signalling.**
**6. a petty officer in the US navy performing clerical duties on board ship.**
*phrase*
**yeoman service — efficient or useful help in need.**
"the minister has performed yeoman service for Mulroney"
31
Bacteriophage
*noun* BIOLOGY
**a virus which parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it. Bacteriophages are much used in genetic research.**
32
Presentiment
*noun*
**an intuitive feeling about the future, especially one of foreboding.**
"a presentiment of disaster"
33
Lipid
*noun* CHEMISTRY
**any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.**
34
Idiosyncrasy
*noun*
**1. a mode of behaviour or way of thought peculiar to an individual.**
"one of his little idiosyncrasies was always preferring to be in the car first"
**2. a distinctive or peculiar feature or characteristic of a place or thing.**
"the idiosyncrasies of the prison system"
MEDICINE
**3. an abnormal physical reaction by an individual to a food or drug.**
35
Agnostic
*noun*
**a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God.**
*adjective*
**1. relating to agnostics or agnosticism.**
**2. (in a non-religious context) having a doubtful or non-committal attitude towards something.**
"until now I've been fairly agnostic about electoral reform"
COMPUTING
**3. denoting or relating to hardware or software that is compatible with many types of platform or operating system.**
"many common file formats (JPEG, MP3, etc.) are platform-agnostic"
36
Settee
*noun* BRITISH
**a long upholstered seat for more than one person, typically with a back and arms.**
37
Brook
*noun*
**a small stream.**
"the Lake District boasts lovely lakes and babbling brooks"
*verb* FORMAL
**tolerate or allow (something, typically dissent or opposition).**
"Jenny would brook no criticism of Matthew"
38
Colic
*noun*
**severe pain in the abdomen caused by wind or obstruction in the intestines and suffered especially by babies.**
39
Beatific
*adjective*
**1. feeling or expressing blissful happiness.**
"a beatific smile"
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY
**2. imparting holy bliss.**
40
Commissary
*noun*
**1. a deputy or delegate.**
NORTH AMERICAN
**2. a restaurant or food store in a military base, prison, or other institution.**
41
Reveille
*noun*
**a signal sounded especially on a bugle or drum to wake personnel in the armed forces.**
"reveille was at 0430 hours"
42
Anthracite
*noun*
**1. coal of a hard variety that contains relatively pure carbon and burns with little flame and smoke.**
**2. a dark grey colour.**
"a wide range of colours from anthracite to blush pink"
43
Putative
*adjective*
**generally considered or reputed to be.**
"the putative author of the book"
44
Sequitur
*noun*
**the conclusion of an inference; consequence.**
45
Sequitur
*noun*
**the conclusion of an inference; consequence.**
46
Expedite
*verb*
**make (an action or process) happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.**
"he promised to expedite economic reforms"
47
Cetacean
*noun*
**a marine mammal of the order Cetacea ; a whale, dolphin, or porpoise.**
*adjective*
**relating to or denoting cetaceans.**
48
Ancillary
*adjective*
**1. providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, system, etc.*
"ancillary staff"
**2. in addition to something else, but not as important.**
"paragraph 19 was merely ancillary to paragraph 16"
*noun*
**1. a person whose work provides necessary support to the primary activities of an organization, system, etc.**
"the employment of specialist teachers and ancillaries"
2. something which functions in a supplementary or supporting role.
"undergraduate courses of three main subjects with related ancillaries"
49
Emollient
*adjective*
**1. having the quality of softening or soothing the skin.**
"a rich emollient shampoo"
**2. attempting to avoid confrontation or anger; calming or conciliatory.**
"the president's emollient approach to differences"
*noun*
**a preparation that softens the skin.*
"always moisturize exposed skin with an effective emollient”
50
Speciation
*noun* BIOLOGY
**the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.**
51
Fugue
*noun*
MUSIC
**1. a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase (the subject) is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts.**
PSYCHIATRY
**2. a loss of awareness of one's identity, often coupled with flight from one's usual environment, associated with certain forms of hysteria and epilepsy.**
52
Furlough
noun
suspension or discharge of a worker or workers on account of economic conditions or shortage of work, especially when temporary.
"half of employers say they will put the majority of their staff on furlough"
leave of absence from a job, position, or period of military service.
"a civil servant home on furlough"
US
the temporary release of a convict from prison.
"inmates are allowed out on furlough"
verb
suspend or discharge (a worker) from a job, especially temporarily, on account of economic conditions or shortage of work.
"the company temporarily shuttered two plants and furloughed 8,100 workers"
grant (someone) leave of absence from a job, position, or period of military service.
US
temporarily release (a convict) from prison.
53
Peevish
*adjective*
**having or showing an irritable disposition.**
"a thin peevish voice"
54
Piton
*noun*
**1. a peg or spike driven into a rock or crack to support a climber or a rope.**
**2. two conical mountains in St Lucia in the Caribbean. Reaching a height of 798 m (2,618 ft) and 750 m (2,461 ft), they rise up out of the sea just off the south-western coast of the island.**
55
Smarmy
*adjective* INFORMAL
**ingratiating and wheedling in a way that is regarded as insincere or excessive.**
"a smarmy, unctuous reply"
56
Impound
*verb*
**1. seize and take legal custody of (something, especially a vehicle, goods, or documents) because of an infringement of a law.**
"vehicles parked where they cause an obstruction will be impounded"
**2. shut up (domestic animals) in a pound or enclosure.**
"the cattle were rounded up and impounded"
**3. lock up (someone).**
"almost forgotten were the poor unfortunates impounded in the prison"
**4. (of a dam) hold back (water).**
"it will impound a reservoir 130 miles long"
57
Parishioner
*noun*
**an inhabitant of a particular church parish, especially one who is a regular churchgoer.**
58
Indenture
*noun*
**1. a legal agreement, contract, or document.**
HISTORICAL
**2. a deed or contract of which copies were made for the contracting parties with the edges indented for identification and to prevent forgery.**
**3. a formal list, certificate, or inventory.**
"indentures recording the number of 1377 taxpayers"
**4. an agreement binding an apprentice to a master.**
"the 30 apprentices have received their indentures on completion of their training"
**5. the state of being bound to service by an indenture.**
"the bracelet on his wrist represented his indenture to his master"
HISTORICAL
**6. a contract by which a person agreed to work for a set period for a landowner in a British colony in exchange for passage to the colony.**
*verb* HISTORICAL
**bind (someone) by an indenture as an apprentice or labourer.**
"Dick was indentured to the Company in 1917"
59
Lozenge
*noun*
**1. a rhombus or diamond shape.**
"lozenge patterns"
**2. a small medicinal tablet, originally in the shape of a lozenge, taken for sore throats and dissolved in the mouth.**
"throat lozenges"
HERALDRY
**3. a charge in the shape of a solid diamond, in particular one on which the arms of an unmarried or widowed woman are displayed.**
60
Copacetic
*adjective* INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN
**in excellent order.**
"he said to tell you everything is copacetic"
61
Remediation
*noun*
**1. the action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage.**
**2. the giving of remedial teaching or therapy.**
62
Cowling
*noun*
**the removable cover of a vehicle or aircraft engine.**
63
Assay
*noun*
**1. the testing of a metal or ore to determine its ingredients and quality.**
"submission of plate for assay"
**2. a procedure for measuring the biochemical or immunological activity of a sample.**
"each assay was performed in duplicate"
*verb*
**1. determine the content or quality of (a metal or ore).**
"the man who assayed gold was more than a technician"
**2. determine the biochemical or immunological activity of (a sample).**
"cell contents were assayed for enzyme activity"
**3. examine (something) in order to assess its nature.**
"stepping inside, I quickly assayed the clientele"
ARCHAIC
**4. attempt.**
"I assayed a little joke of mine on him"
64
Latitude
*noun*
**1. the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or of the equator of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.**
"at a latitude of 51° N"
**2. regions, especially with reference to their temperature and distance from the equator.**
"temperate latitudes"
**3. scope for freedom of action or thought.**
"journalists have considerable latitude in criticizing public figures"
PHOTOGRAPHY
**4. the range of exposures for which an emulsion or printing paper will give acceptable contrast.**
"a film with a latitude which is outstanding"
65
Avuncular
*adjective*
**1. kind and friendly towards a younger or less experienced person.**
"he was avuncular, reassuring, and trustworthy"
ANTHROPOLOGY
**2. relating to the relationship between men and the children of their siblings.**
66
Paroxysm
*noun*
**1. a sudden attack or outburst of a particular emotion or activity.**
"a paroxysm of weeping"
MEDICINE
**2. a sudden recurrence or attack of a disease.**
"paroxysms of ataxia and shaking"
67
Titillation
*noun*
**the arousal of interest or excitement, especially through sexually suggestive images or words.**
"a literary form of popular entertainment and titillation"
68
Expedient
*adjective*
**1. (of an action) convenient and practical although possibly improper or immoral.**
"either side could break the agreement if it were expedient to do so"
**2. (of an action) suitable or appropriate.**
"holding a public enquiry into the scheme was not expedient"
*noun*
**a means of attaining an end, especially one that is convenient but possibly improper or immoral.**
"the current policy is a political expedient"
69
Tori
noun
GEOMETRY
**1. a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).
a ring-shaped object, especially a large ring-shaped chamber used in physical research.**
ARCHITECTURE
**2. a large convex moulding, typically semicircular in cross section, especially as the lowest part of the base of a column.**
ANATOMY
**3. a ridge of bone or muscle.**
"the maxillary torus"
BOTANY
**4. the receptacle of a flower.**
70
Autoclave
*noun*
**a strong heated container used for chemical reactions and other processes using high pressures and temperatures, e.g. steam sterilization.**
*verb*
**heat (something) in an autoclave.**
"this follows recent advice that dental equipment be autoclaved after consultations"
71
Caustic
*adjective*
**1. able to burn or corrode organic tissue by chemical action.**
"a caustic cleaner"
**2. sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way.**
"the players were making caustic comments about the refereeing"
PHYSICS
**3. formed by the intersection of reflected or refracted parallel rays from a curved surface.**
*noun*
**1. a caustic substance.**
PHYSICS
**2. a caustic surface or curve.**
72
Jowl
*noun*
**1. the lower part of a person's or animal's cheek, especially when it is fleshy or drooping.**
"she had a large nose and heavy jowls"
NORTH AMERICAN
**2. the cheek of a pig used as meat.**
"hog jowls"
**3. the loose fleshy part of the neck of certain animals, such as the dewlap of cattle or the wattle of birds.**
73
Cogent
*adjective*
**(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.**
"they put forward cogent arguments for British membership"
74
Labile
*adjective* TECHNICAL
**1. liable to change; easily altered.**
"persons whose blood pressure is more labile will carry an enhanced risk of heart attack"
**2. of or characterized by emotions which are easily aroused, freely expressed, and tend to alter quickly and spontaneously.**
"mood seemed generally appropriate, but the patient was often labile"
CHEMISTRY
**3. easily broken down or displaced.**
"the breakage of labile bonds"
75
Demarcation
*noun*
**1. the action of fixing the boundary or limits of something.**
"the demarcation of the maritime border"
**2. a dividing line.**
"a horizontal band that produces a distinct demarcation two inches from the top"
BRITISH
**3. the practice of requiring that specific jobs be assigned to members of particular trade unions.**
"strikes over job demarcation"
76
Jounce
*verb*
**jolt or bounce.**
"the car jounced wildly"
77
Orthogonal
*adjective*
**1. of or involving right angles; at right angles.**
STATISTICS
**2. (of variates) statistically independent.**
**3. (of an experiment) having variates which can be treated as statistically independent.**
78
Lesion
*noun* MEDICINE
**a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumour.**
79
Laconic
*adjective*
**(of a person, speech, or style of writing) using very few words.**
"his laconic reply suggested a lack of interest in the topic"
80
Embolism
*noun*
**an obstruction or blockage in a blood vessel.**
81
Purser
*noun*
**an officer on a ship who keeps the accounts, especially the head steward on a passenger vessel.**
82
Albedo
*noun* ASTRONOMY
**the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.**
"the lunar maria have a lower albedo than the surrounding terrain"
83
Sequestration
*noun*
**1. the action of sequestrating or taking legal possession of assets.**
"if such court injunctions are ignored, sequestration of trade union assets will follow"
**2. the action of taking forcible possession of something; confiscation.**
"he demanded the sequestration of the incriminating correspondence"
**3. the action of declaring someone bankrupt.**
"in Scotland there were 1,908 sequestrations of individuals"
**4. the action of chemically sequestering a substance.**
"carbon sequestration"
84
Convocation
*noun*
**1. a large formal assembly of people.**
**2. (in the Church of England) a representative assembly of clergy of the province of Canterbury or York.**
BRITISH
**3. a legislative or deliberative assembly of a university.**
NORTH AMERICAN
**4. a formal ceremony for the conferment of university awards.**
**5. the action of calling people together for a large formal assembly.**
85
Affect
*verb*
**1. have an effect on; make a difference to.**
"the dampness began to affect my health"
**2. touch the feelings of; move emotionally.**
"he was visibly affected by the tragedy"
**3. (of an illness or medical condition) infect or be present in (someone).**
"people who are affected by AIDS"
**4. pretend to have or feel (something).**
"as usual I affected a supreme unconcern"
**5. use, wear, or assume (something) pretentiously or so as to make an impression on others.**
"an Anglophile who had affected a British accent"
*noun* PSYCHOLOGY
**emotion or desire as influencing behaviour.**
86
Antipathy
*noun*
**a deep-seated feeling of aversion.**
"his fundamental antipathy to capitalism"
87
Trounce
*verb*
**1. defeat heavily in a contest.**
"Essex trounced Cambridgeshire 5–1 in the final"
**2. rebuke or punish severely.**
"insider dealing has been roundly trounced"
88
Recalcitrant
*adjective*
**having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline.**
"a class of recalcitrant fifteen-year-olds"
*noun*
**a person with an obstinately uncooperative attitude.**
"a stiff-necked recalcitrant and troublemaker"
89
Distention
*noun*
**1. the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions.**
**2. the act of expanding by pressure from within.**
90
Founder
*noun*
**1. a person who manufactures articles of cast metal; the owner or operator of a foundry.**
"an iron founder"
**2. a person who establishes an institution or settlement.**
"he was the founder of modern Costa Rica"
ZOOLOGY
**3. an animal, especially a fertilized female insect, that founds a new colony.**
NORTH AMERICAN
**4. laminitis in horses, ponies, or other hoofed animals.**
*verb*
**1. (of a ship) fill with water and sink.**
"six drowned when the yacht foundered off the Cornish coast"
**2. (of a plan or undertaking) fail or break down as a result of a particular problem.**
"the talks foundered on the issue of reform"
**3. (of a horse or its rider) stumble or fall from exhaustion, lameness, etc.**
"some of their horses foundered and damaged themselves in the stones of the riverbed"
NORTH AMERICAN
**4. (of a hoofed animal, especially a horse or pony) succumb to laminitis.**
91
Ensign
*noun*
**1. a flag or standard, especially a military or naval one indicating nationality.**
ARCHAIC
**2. a sign or emblem of a particular thing.**
"all the ensigns of our greatness"
**3. the lowest rank of commissioned officer in the US and some other navies, above chief warrant officer and below lieutenant.**
"a copy of Ensign Smith's report"
HISTORICAL
**4. the lowest rank of commissioned infantry officer in the British army.**
HISTORICAL
**5. a standard-bearer.**
92
Insoucianse
*noun*
**casual lack of concern; indifference.**
"an impression of boyish insouciance"
93
Incontinent
*adjective*
**1. having no or insufficient voluntary control over urination or defecation.**
"elderly, incontinent parents"
**2. lacking self-restraint; uncontrolled.**
"the incontinent hysteria of the massed pop fans"
94
Potable
*adjective* FORMAL
**safe to drink; drinkable.**
"there is no supply of potable water available"
95
Quisling
*noun*
**a traitor who collaborates with an enemy force occupying their country.**
"he had the Quisling owner of the factory arrested"
96
Abase
*verb*
**behave in a way that belittles or degrades (someone).**
"I watched my colleagues abasing themselves before the board of trustees"
97
Obeisance
*noun*
**1. deferential respect.**
"they paid obeisance to the Prince"
**2. a gesture expressing deferential respect, such as a bow or curtsy.**
"she made a deep obeisance"
98
Emplace
*verb*
**to put into position.**
“missiles emplaced around the city”
99
Histrionic
*adjective*
**1. excessively theatrical or dramatic in character or style.**
"a histrionic outburst"
PSYCHIATRY
**2. denoting a personality disorder marked by shallow volatile emotions and attention-seeking behaviour.**
FORMAL
**3. of or concerning actors or acting.**
"histrionic talents"
*noun*
**1. melodramatic behaviour designed to attract attention.**
"by now, Anna was accustomed to her mother's histrionics"
ARCHAIC
**2. dramatic performances; the theatre.**
"he loved the theatre and everything which savoured of histrionics"
ARCHAIC
**3. an actor.**
100
Winsome
*adjective*
**attractive or appealing in a fresh, innocent way.**
"a winsome smile"
101
Feckless
*adjective*
**lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible.**
"her feckless younger brother"
102
Torpor
*noun*
**a state of physical or mental inactivity; lethargy.**
"they veered between apathetic torpor and hysterical fanaticism"
103
Laity
*noun*
**1. lay people, as distinct from the clergy.**
**2. ordinary people, as distinct from professionals or experts.**
104
Genuflect
*verb*
**1. lower one's body briefly by bending one knee to the ground, typically in worship or as a sign of respect.**
**2. show deference or servility.**
"her party still genuflects to her, and a core within it reflexively venerates her"
105
Sty
*noun*
**1. a pigsty.**
**2. a very dirty or untidy house or room.**
"the place is a real sty, beer and wine bottles all over the place"
**3. an inflamed swelling on the edge of an eyelid, caused by bacterial infection of the gland at the base of an eyelash.**
*verb* ARCHAIC
**keep (a pig) in a sty.**
"the most beggarly place that ever pigs were stied in"
106
Aberration
*noun*
**1. a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically an unwelcome one.**
"they described the outbreak of violence in the area as an aberration"
BIOLOGY
**2. a characteristic that deviates from the normal type.**
"colour aberrations"
OPTICS
**3. the failure of rays to converge at one focus because of a defect in a lens or mirror.**
ASTRONOMY
**4. the apparent displacement of a celestial object from its true position, caused by the relative motion of the observer and the object.**
107
Apocryphal
*adjective*
**1. (of a story or statement) of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true.**
"there is an apocryphal story about a disgraced rock star who ended up in bankruptcy court"
**2. of or belonging to the Apocrypha.**
"the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas"
108
Prelate
*noun* FORMAL•HISTORICAL
**a bishop or other high ecclesiastical dignitary.**
109
Fixity
*noun*
**the state of being unchanging or permanent.**
"the fixity of his stare"
110
Palliative
*adjective*
**1. (of a medicine or form of medical care) relieving symptoms without dealing with the cause of the condition.**
"palliative drugs"
**2. (of an action) intended to alleviate a problem without addressing the underlying cause.**
"short-term palliative measures had been taken"
*noun*
**1. a medicine or form of medical care that relieves symptoms without dealing with the cause of the condition.**
"at present, available treatments are only palliatives and no curative drugs are available yet"
**2. an action that is intended to alleviate a problem without addressing the underlying cause.**
"social projects presented as palliatives for the urban crisis"
111
Solipsism
*noun*
**1. the quality of being very self-centred or selfish.**
"she herself elicits scant sympathy, such is her solipsism and lack of self-awareness"
PHILOSOPHY
**2. the view or theory that the self is all that can be known to exist.**
"solipsism is an idealist thesis because ‘Only my mind exists’ entails ‘Only minds exist’"
112
Experiential
*adjective*
**involving or based on experience and observation.**
"the experiential learning associated with employment"
113
Ersatz
*adjective*
**1. (of a product) made or used as a substitute, typically an inferior one, for something else.**
"ersatz coffee"
**2. not real or genuine.**
"ersatz emotion"
114
Senescence
*noun* BIOLOGY
**1. the condition or process of deterioration with age.**
**2. loss of a cell's power of division and growth.**
115
Pagoda
*noun*
**1. (in India and East Asia) a Hindu or Buddhist temple, typically in the form of a many-tiered tower.**
**2. an ornamental imitation of a Hindu or Buddhist pagoda.**
116
Colonnade
*noun*
**1. a row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arches.**
**2. a row of trees or other tall objects.**
117
Cloy
*verb*
**disgust or sicken (someone) with an excess of sweetness, richness, or sentiment.**
"a curious bitter-sweetness that cloyed her senses"
118
Decant
*verb*
**1. gradually pour (wine, port, or another liquid) from one container into another, typically in order to separate out sediment.**
"he decanted the rich red liquid into some glasses"
BRITISH
**2. temporarily transfer (people) to another place.**
"tour coaches decant eager customers directly into the store"
119
Banal
*adjective*
**so lacking in originality as to be obvious and boring.**
"songs with banal, repeated words"
120
Analgesic
MEDICINE
*adjective*
**(of a drug) acting to relieve pain.**
*noun*
**an analgesic drug.**
121
Ventriloquist
*noun*
**a person, especially an entertainer, who can make their voice appear to come from somewhere else, typically a dummy of a person or animal.**
122
Coterie
*noun*
**a small group of people with shared interests or tastes, especially one that is exclusive of other people.**
"a coterie of friends and advisers"
123
Taxonomy
*noun* BIOLOGY
**1. the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics.**
**2. the classification of something, especially organisms.**
"the taxonomy of these fossils"
**3. a scheme of classification.**
"a taxonomy of smells"
124
Pundit
*noun**
**1. an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give their opinions to the public.**
"political pundits were tipping him for promotion"
**2. variant form of pandit.**
125
Perennial
*adjective*
**1. lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring.**
"his perennial distrust of the media"
**2. apparently permanently engaged in a specified role or way of life.**
"he's a perennial student"
**3. (of a plant) living for several years.**
"cow parsley is perennial"
**4. (of a stream or spring) flowing throughout the year.**
"spring streams rise from perennial springs"
*noun*
**a perennial plant.**
"perennials will transform the garden in summer"
126
Diffident
*adjective*
**modest or shy because of a lack of self-confidence.**
"a diffident youth"
127
Fissionable
*adjective*
**capable of undergoing nuclear fission as a result of any process.**
128
Dole
*noun*
INFORMAL•BRITISH
**1. benefit paid by the state to the unemployed.**
"they are receiving the dole"
DATED
**2. a charitable gift of food, clothes, or money.**
"the customary dole was a tumblerful of rice"
LITERARY
**3. a person's lot or destiny.**
"death be his dole who worst maintains the strife"
ARCHAIC•LITERARY
**4. sorrow; mourning.**
RARE
**5. a flock of doves.**
"a dole of doves adorned its tiled roof"
*verb*
**distribute shares of something.**
"the scanty portions of food doled out to them"
*phrase of dole*
INFORMAL•BRITISH
on the dole
**registered as unemployed and receiving benefit from the government.**
"two million workers are already officially on the dole"
129
Coltish
*adjective*
**energetic but awkward in one's movements or behaviour.**
"long, lean, coltish women"
130
Olfactory
*adjective*
**relating to the sense of smell.**
"the olfactory organs"
131
Detente
*noun*
**the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.**
"his policy of arms control and detente with the Soviet Union"
132
Hegemony
*noun*
**leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.**
"Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871"
133
Invective
*noun*
**insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.**
"he let out a stream of invective"
134
Malefic
*adjective*
LITERARY
**1. causing harm or destruction, especially by supernatural means.**
"she was hypnotized by the spider's malefic eyes"
ASTROLOGY
**2. relating to the planets Saturn and Mars, traditionally considered to have an unfavourable influence.**
135
Bequest
*noun*
**1. a legacy.**
"a bequest of over £300,000"
**2. the action of bequeathing something.**
"a painting acquired by bequest"
136
Patter
*verb*
**1. make a repeated light tapping sound.**
"a flurry of rain pattered against the window"
**2. run with quick light steps.**
"he quickly pattered down the stairs"
**3. talk at length without saying anything significant.**
"she pattered on incessantly"
*noun*
**1. a repeated light tapping.**
"the plashing patter of steady rain"
**2. rapid continuous talk, such as that used by a comedian or salesperson.**
"take a friend with you to deflect the sales patter"
**3. the jargon of a profession or social group.**
"he picked up the patter from watching his dad"
**4. rapid speech included in a song, especially for comic effect.**
"a patter song of invective"
137
Mordant
*adjective*
**(especially of humour) having or showing a sharp or critical quality; biting.**
"a mordant sense of humour"
*noun*
**1. a substance, typically an inorganic oxide, that combines with a dye or stain and thereby fixes it in a material.**
an adhesive compound for fixing gold leaf.
**2. a corrosive liquid used to etch the lines on a printing plate.**
*verb*
**impregnate or treat (a fabric) with a mordant.**
"mordanting a fibre is simple"
138
Ream
*noun*
**1. 500 (formerly 480) sheets of paper.**
**2. a large quantity of something, especially paper or writing.**
"reams of paper have been used to debate these questions"
*verb*
**1. widen (a hole) with a special tool.**
"a fan which has a small enough hole to be reamed out to the correct size"
**2. widen a bore or hole in (a gun or other metal object) with a special tool.**
"the rods were marked out, drilled, and reamed"
NORTH AMERICAN
**3. clear out or remove (material) from something.**
"pierce, probe, and ream out the bony chambers of the crab's body"
INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN
**4. rebuke (someone) fiercely.**
"the agent reamed him out for walking away from the deal"
VULGAR SLANG•NORTH AMERICAN
**5. have anal intercourse with.**
SCOTTISH•NORTHERN IRISH
**6. froth or overflow.**
"a full pot reaming with froth"
139
Macabre
*adjective*
**disturbing because concerned with or causing a fear of death.**
"a macabre series of murders"
140
Somaticize
*verb* PSYCHIATRY
**to convert (anxiety) into physical symptoms.**
141
Secant
*noun*
MATHEMATICS
**1. the ratio of the hypotenuse to the shorter side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle); the reciprocal of a cosine.**
GEOMETRY
**2. a straight line that cuts a curve in two or more parts.**
142
Titular
*adjective*
**1. holding or constituting a purely formal position or title without any real authority.**
"the queen is titular head of the Church of England"
**2. (of a cleric) nominally appointed to serve a diocese, abbey, or other foundation no longer in existence, and typically in fact having authority in another capacity.**
**3. relating to or denoted by a title.**
"the work's titular song"
**4. denoting any of the parish churches in Rome to which cardinals are formally appointed.**
"the priests of the titular churches"
143
Kludge
INFORMAL
*noun*
**1. an ill-assorted collection of parts assembled to fulfil a particular purpose.**
COMPUTING
**2. a machine, system, or program that has been badly put together, especially a clumsy but temporarily effective solution to a particular fault or problem.**
*verb*
**improvise or put together from an ill-assorted collection of parts.**
"Hugh had to kludge something together"
144
Carom
NORTH AMERICAN
*noun*
**1. a cannon in billiards or pool.**
**2. a game resembling billiards, played on a table without pockets and depending on cannons for scoring.**
*verb*
**make a carom; strike and rebound.**
145
Nomenclature
*noun*
**1. the devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other discipline.**
"the Linnean system of zoological nomenclature"
**2. the body or system of names used in a particular specialist field.**
"the students found it hard to decipher the nomenclature of chemical compounds"
FORMAL
**3. the term or terms applied to someone or something.**
"‘customers’ was preferred to the original nomenclature ‘passengers’"
146
Eloquent
*adjective*
**1. fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing.**
"an eloquent speech"
**2. clearly expressing or indicating something.**
"the bus journey alone is eloquent of class inequality"
147
Arcology
*noun*
**a type of architecture concerned with the design of enormous vertical cities that maximize population density and so preserve the surrounding countryside.**
148
Recuse
*verb* NORTH AMERICAN
**1. challenge (a judge, prosecutor, or juror) as unqualified to perform legal duties because of a potential conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.**
"he was recused when he referred to the corporation as ‘a bunch of villains’"
**2. (of a judge) excuse oneself from a case because of a potential conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.**
"it was the right of counsel to ask a judge to recuse himself from continuing to hear a case because of bias"
149
Demimonde
*noun*
**1. (in 19th-century France) a class of women considered to be of doubtful social standing and morality.**
**2. a group of people on the fringes of respectable society.**
"the demi-monde of arms deals"
150
Solicitous
*adjective*
**1. characterized by or showing interest or concern.**
"she was always solicitous about the welfare of her students"
ARCHAIC
**2. eager or anxious to do something.**
"he was solicitous to cultivate her mamma's good opinion"
151
Cilium
*noun*
BIOLOGY
**1. a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.**
ANATOMY
**2. an eyelash.**
152
Chyron
*noun* TRADEMARK
**an electronically generated caption superimposed on a television or cinema screen.**
153
Reciprocity
*noun*
**the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.**
"the Community intends to start discussions on reciprocity with third countries"
154
Lilt
*noun*
**1. a characteristic rising and falling of the voice when speaking; a pleasant gentle accent.**
"he spoke with a faint but recognizable Irish lilt"
**2. a pleasant, gently swinging rhythm in a song or tune.**
"the lilt of the Hawaiian music"
ARCHAIC•SCOTTISH
**3. a cheerful tune.**
*verb*
**speak, sing, or sound with a lilt.**
"the music lilted and swaggered in a dance rhythm"
155
Gestalt
*noun* PSYCHOLOGY
**an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts.**
156
Tryst
LITERARY
*noun*
**a private romantic rendezvous between lovers.**
"a moonlight tryst"
*verb*
**keep a private, romantic rendezvous with a lover.**
157
Excoriate
*verb*
MEDICINE
**1. damage or remove part of the surface of (the skin).**
"the discharge is acrid and excoriates the skin of the nose"
FORMAL
**2. criticize (someone) severely.**
"he excoriated the government for censorship"
158
Raiment
*noun*
**especially fine or decorative clothing.**
*verb*
**1. provide with clothes or put clothes.**
**2. put on clothes.**
159
Limbic system
*noun*
**a complex system of nerves and networks in the brain, involving several areas near the edge of the cortex concerned with instinct and mood. It controls the basic emotions (fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, care of offspring).**
160
Officious
*adjective*
**1. assertive of authority in a domineering way, especially with regard to trivial matters.**
"the security people were very officious"
**2. intrusively enthusiastic in offering help or advice; interfering.**
"an officious bystander"
161
Tractable
*adjective*
**1. (of a person) easy to control or influence.**
"she has always been tractable and obedient, even as a child"
**2. (of a situation or problem) easy to deal with.**
"trying to make the mathematics tractable"
162
Concerted
*adjective*
**1. jointly arranged or carried out; coordinated.**
"a concerted attempt to preserve religious unity"
**2. done with great effort or determination.**
"you must make a concerted effort to curb this"
**3. (of music) arranged in several parts of equal importance.**
"concerted secular music for voices"
163
Vertiginous
*adjective*
**1. extremely high or steep.**
"vertiginous drops to the valleys below"
**2. relating to or affected by vertigo.**
164
Sublimate
*verb*
**1. (in psychoanalytic theory) divert or modify (an instinctual impulse) into a culturally higher or socially more acceptable activity.**
"libido must be sublimated into productive work activities"
**2. transform (something) into a purer or idealized form.**
"attractive rhythms are sublimated into a much larger context"
CHEMISTRY
**3. another term for sublime.**
*noun* CHEMISTRY
**a solid deposit of a substance which has sublimed.**
"condensation of a sublimate"
165
Pathos
*noun*
**a quality that evokes pity or sadness.**
"the actor injects his customary humour and pathos into the role"
