The Explorers, p. 88 - 102

Question 1

Crimean War

Answer 1

• 1853 - 1856
• Russia vs. France, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire
• Was the result of Russian pressure on Turkey; this threatened British commercial and strategic interests in the Middle East and India
• Was the beginning of modern warfare (e.g., Ironclad ships used by the allies)
• Remembered in part for Florence Nightingale’s work for the wounded
• Creation of the Victorian Cross
• The Peace of Paris, signed on March 30, 1856, preserved Ottoman rule in Turkey until 1914, crippled Russia, facilitated the unification of Germany, and revealed the power of Britain and the importance of sea power in global conflict

http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/crimean-war

Question 2

irascible

Answer 2

having or showing a tendency to be easily angered.

“an irascible man”

Question 3

matriarch and patriarch

Answer 3

patriarch - the male head of a family or clan

matriarch - female head of a family or clan

Question 4

Reptilian Brain

Answer 4

• The most inner part of the brain solely devoted to staying alive and propagating a species; fear and pleasure.
• more focused on preventing failure than ensuring success

Question 5

norepinephrine

Answer 5

• A substance released by nerve cells
• Released at increased level during the fight-or-flight response; increases restlessness and anxiety
• increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and inhibits voiding of the bladder and gastrointestinal motility

Question 6

carnal

Answer 6

relating to physical, especially sexual, needs and activities.

Question 7

The man-eaters of Tsavo

Answer 7

A pair of lions that ate 135 construction workers during the development of the Kenya-Uganda Railway (1898).

Question 8

Henry the Navigator

Answer 8

An important 15th-century Portuguese Prince who is regarded as the main initiator of the Age of Discoveries.

Question 9

Caravel vs. Clinker Built

Answer 9

• Clinker-built - overlapping planks

- Caravel - non-overlapping planks

Question 10

What’s a Viking Ship called?

Answer 10

A “Longship”

Question 11

Lanteen Rig

Answer 11

A triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction.

Question 12

Cape of Good Hope

Answer 12

What was once believed to be the most southern tip of Africa OR the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

The actual southernmost point is Cape Agulhas, about 150 kilometres to the east-southeast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFqSrqiKTYc

Question 13

apocryphal

Answer 13

(of a story or statement) of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true.

Question 14

curt

Answer 14

rudely brief. “his reply was curt”.

Question 15

acrimony

Answer 15

bitterness or ill feeling. “a quagmire of lawsuits, acrimony, and finger-pointing”

Question 16

convalesce

Answer 16

recover one’s health and strength over a period of time after an illness or operation.