The Fetal Face & Neck

Question 1

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as:
A. Fetal goiter
B. Cystic hygroma
C. Lymphangioma
D. Cervical teratoma

Answer 1

A. Fetal goiter

Question 2

The absence of the eyes is termed:
A. Agyria
B. Epignathus
C. Hypotelorism
D. Anophthalmia

Answer 2

D. Anophthalmia

Question 3

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:
A. Anophthalmia
B. Micrognathia
C. Hypertelorism
D. Hypotelorism

Answer 3

D. Hypotelorism

Question 4

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:
A. Dandy–Walker syndrome
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 3
D. Nuchal cord

Answer 4

B. Trisomy 21

Question 5

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated
with holoprosencephaly is:
A. Triploidy
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 18
D. Trisomy 13

Answer 5

D. Trisomy 13

Question 6

What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?
A. Microphthalmia
B. Micronatia
C. Microtia
D. Micrognathia

Answer 6

C. Microtia

Question 7

The fetal lip typically closes by:
A. 18 weeks
B. 8 weeks
C. 13 weeks
D. 6 weeks

Answer 7

B. 8 weeks

Question 8

The most common cause of hypertelorism is:
A. Dandy–Walker malformation
B. Anencephaly
C. Anterior cephalocele
D. Holoprosencephaly

Answer 8

C. Anterior cephalocele

Question 9

Macroglossia is most commonly found with:
A. Anencephaly
B. Holoprosencephaly
C. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
D. Cystic hygroma

Answer 9

C. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

Question 10

An oral teratoma is referred to as:
A. Macroglossia
B. Epignathus
C. Micrognathia
D. Ethmocephaly

Answer 10

B. Epignathus

Question 11

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome?
A. Rays syndrome
B. VACTERL syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome

Answer 11

C. Down syndrome

Question 12

Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically?
A. Cleft lip and cleft palate
B. Isolated cleft lip
C. Isolated cleft palate
D. Isolated median cleft

Answer 12

C. Isolated cleft palate

Question 13

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:
A. Hypotelorism
B. Hypertelorism
C. Anophthalmia
D. Micrognathia

Answer 13

B. Hypertelorism

Question 14

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is:
A. Transverse
B. Axial
C. Sagittal
D. Coronal

Answer 14

C. Sagittal

Question 15

A cystic hygroma is the result of:
A. Alcohol consumption in the first trimester
B. An abnormal development of the roof of the fourth ventricle
C. Occlusion of the internal carotid arteries
D. An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

Answer 15

D. An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

Question 16

Which of following would most likely involve the development of a
cystic hygroma?
A. Beckwith–Weidemann syndrome
B. Hydranencephaly
C. Turner syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 16

C. Turner syndrome

Question 17

Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?
A. Down syndrome
B. Trisomy 15
C. Trisomy 13
D. Monosomy X

Answer 17

D. Monosomy X

Question 18

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:
A. Patau syndrome
B. Hydranencephaly
C. Down syndrome
D. Cebocephaly

Answer 18

C. Down syndrome

Question 19

Micrognathia is a condition found in:
A. Dandy-Walker complex
B. Hydranencephaly
C. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
D. Trisomy 18

Answer 19

D. Trisomy 18

Question 20

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:
A. Axilla
B. Neck
C. Chest
D. Groin

Answer 20

B. Neck

Question 21

An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:
A. Trisomy 21
B. Trisomy 15
C. Trisomy 18
D. Turner syndrome

Answer 21

A. Trisomy 21

Question 22

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:
A. Epignathus
B. Macrognathia
C. Pharyngoglossia
D. Macroglossia

Answer 22

D. Macroglossia

Question 23

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to
analyze the brain closely for signs of:
A. Holoprosencephaly
B. Dandy–Walker malformation
C. Schizencephaly
D. Hydranencephaly

Answer 23

A. Holoprosencephaly

Question 24

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is
referred to as the:
A. Interocular diameter
B. Binocular diameter
C. Ocular diameter
D. Biparietal diameter

Answer 24

B. Binocular diameter

Question 25

Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible? A. Epignathus B. Branchial cleft cyst C. Thyroglossal duct cyst D. Fetal goiter

Answer 25

B. Branchial cleft cyst

Question 26

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a(n): A. Sacrococcygeal teratoma B. Cystic hygroma C. Cephalocele D. Anophthalmia

Answer 26

B. Cystic hygroma

Question 27

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is: A. Cystic hygroma B. Edwards syndrome C. Ethmocephaly D. Amniotic band syndrome

Answer 27

D. Amniotic band syndrome

Question 28

The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is: A. Klinefelter syndrome B. Apert syndrome C. Meckel–Gruber syndrome D. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

Answer 28

D. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

Question 29

Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome? A. Trisomy 18 B. Trisomy 21 C. Trisomy 12 D. Trisomy 13

Answer 29

D. Trisomy 13

Question 30

Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed: A. Cebocephaly B. Cyclopia C. Ethmocephaly D. Epignathus

Answer 30

A. Cebocephaly

Question 31

Which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits? A. Cebocephaly B. Cyclopia C. Ethmocephaly D. Epignathus

Answer 31

D. Epignathus

Question 32

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as: A. Micrognathia B. Cleft lip C. Anophthalmia D. Cebocephaly

Answer 32

B. Cleft lip

Question 33

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained? A. Cavum septum pellucidum B. Occipital horns of the lateral ventricle C. Brain stem D. Foramen magna

Answer 33

A. Cavum septum pellucidum

Question 34

Fusion of the orbits is termed: A. Microglossia B. Cebocephaly C. Cyclopia D. Ethmocephaly

Answer 34

C. Cyclopia

Question 35

Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21? A. Edwards syndrome B. Patau syndrome C. Meckel–Gruber syndrome D. Down syndrome

Answer 35

D. Down syndrome

Question 36

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed: A. 3 mm B. 6 mm C. 10 mm D. 12 mm

Answer 36

B. 6 mm

Question 37

A small mandible is termed: A. Macroglossia B. Epignathus C. Micrognathia D. Ethmocephaly

Answer 37

C. Micrognathia

Question 38

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is: A. Ethmocephaly B. Epignathus C. Micrognathia D. Cebocephaly

Answer 38

A. Ethmocephaly

Question 39

All of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except: A. Cystic hygroma B. Proboscis with cyclopia C. Fused thalamus D. Monoventricle

Answer 39

A. Cystic hygroma

Question 40

The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained: A. Before 12 weeks 6 days B. Between 11 weeks and 13 weeks 6 days C. Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks D. After 24 weeks

Answer 40

C. Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks