the final

Question 1

autotroph

Answer 1

are able to make their own food

Question 2

heterotroph

Answer 2

aren’t able to make their own food but needs energy

Question 3

which organisms undergo photosynthesis and what do they produce?

Answer 3

plants/autotrophs

-glucose or oxygen

Question 4

equation for photosynthesis

Answer 4

6CO2+6H2O—>C6H12O66O2

Question 5

cellular respiration takes place in what cellular organelle?

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

photosynthesis takes place in what cellular organelle?

Answer 6

chloroplast

Question 7

what are the two main types of fermentation?

Answer 7

(w/o oxygen)

-alcoholic and lactic acid.

Question 8

why is photosynthesis important to life?

Answer 8

produces oxygen for beings and energy for plants.

Question 9

write the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 9

6O2+C6H12O6–>6CO2+6H2O=E(ATP)

Question 10

control variable

Answer 10

the one element that is not changed throughout an experimen

Question 11

control group

Answer 11

group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

Question 12

what should be on a graph’s title?

Answer 12

both axes/variables

Question 13

term used for PP

Answer 13

homozygous dominant

Question 14

term used for Pp

Answer 14

heterozygous

Question 15

term used for pp

Answer 15

homozygous recessive

Question 16

phenotype of heterozygous incompletely dominant trai

Answer 16

blending of both traits (red + blue = purple)

Question 17

codominance

Answer 17

shows both genotypes in phenotype (dots)

Question 18

genotype for blood type O

Answer 18

ii

Question 19

genotype for blood type AB

Answer 19

I^a I^b

Question 20

a) genotype for male

b) genotype for female

Answer 20

a) XY

b) XX

Question 21

diploid

Answer 21

(2) complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 22

haploid

Answer 22

(1) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 23

somatic cells

Answer 23

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cell. diploid body cell.

Question 24

gametes

Answer 24

mature sexual reproductive cell that unites with another cell to form a new organism. haploid set cells.

Question 25

haploid cell has 11 chromosomes o a diploid cell has....

Answer 25

22 chromosomes

Question 26

mitosis

Answer 26

cell division that results in 2 genetically identical nuclei daughters.(for reproductive tissues: are identical to parents and e/o)

Question 27

meiosis

Answer 27

results in 4 daughter nuclei. (produces gametes: not identical to parents)

Question 28

during meiosis, what two processes help increase genetic variation?

Answer 28

crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 29

advantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 29

D I V E R S I T Y

Question 30

what is the primary function of DNA

Answer 30

store and transmit genetic information. also develop and function things.

Question 31

what do all organisms have in common that is used to pass on information?

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

how does the structure of DNA help it replicate so easily?

Answer 32

the weak hydrogen bonds between the bases are easily broken while the backbone is held together with strong bonds

Question 33

genes contain instructions for assembling what type of macro molecules?

Answer 33

proteins

Question 34

strands and nitrogenous bases in DNA vs. RNA

Answer 34

DNA: 2 strands and thymine RNA: 1 strand and uracil

Question 35

order of protein synthesis and end results

Answer 35

1) DNA is transcribed into RNA. 2) RNA is translated into an amino acid. 3) That amino acid will fold into a protein.

Question 36

what are stem cells?

Answer 36

cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types (heal and grow)

Question 37

what is differentiation?

Answer 37

the process of cells becoming specialized. They become specialised for a particular function and cannot change into different types of cell

Question 38

what parts of planaria can regenerate?

Answer 38

everything/ whole body.

Question 39

cloning

Answer 39

producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals.

Question 40

biotechnology

Answer 40

the exploration of biological processes for industrial and other purposes.

Question 41

gene therapy

Answer 41

the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones of to fix genetic disorders.

Question 42

what are gel electrosphoresis used for?

Answer 42

used in the lab to separate charged molecules like DNA, RNA etc. by their size.

Question 43

three critical elements of natural seleciton

Answer 43

- variation - some reproduce more than others - pass on genes to create a common population

Question 44

facts

Answer 44

are absolutely the case.

Question 45

beliefs

Answer 45

acceptance that something is true. (no evidence provided)

Question 46

theory

Answer 46

well supported explanation based on a body of facts that were confirmed.

Question 47

can groups, individuals or both evolve?

Answer 47

groups.

Question 48

why are organisms that are not closely related can look similar?

Answer 48

convergent evolution | - due to being in similar enviroments

Question 49

vestigial structures

Answer 49

a structure an organism loses during the course of evolution

Question 50

homologous body structures

Answer 50

structures in the body that share a common ancestor with more organisms.

Question 51

what are similar DNA sequences in genes evidence of?

Answer 51

common ancestory

Question 52

what graph is most likely to lead to speciation?

Answer 52

disruptive

Question 53

what graph is most likely to lead to an increased size in trait?

Answer 53

directional

Question 54

living and non-living things that can lead to disease

Answer 54

living: bacteria non: virus

Question 55

what are pathogens

Answer 55

(germs) a bacterium, virus or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Question 56

homeostasis

Answer 56

maintains a stable internal environment.

Question 57

how does your body lower your blood sugar when it gets too high?

Answer 57

the pancreas produces insulin

Question 58

what is diabetes?

Answer 58

a disease when the body doesn't produce enough insulin

Question 59

what is the role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 59

to fight off diseases and infections

Question 60

what system coordinates the body's response to changes in its internal and external enviroment

Answer 60

the nervous system

Question 61

what do we call the functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 61

a neuron

Question 62

one major difference of how the nervous vs. endocrines system maintain homeostasis

Answer 62

the nervous system uses neurotransmitters and it is faster

Question 63

what tissues/organs can you donate while alive?

Answer 63

- kidney - 60% of liver - some skin

Question 64

what organs can be harvested for donations?

Answer 64

pancreas and heart

Question 65

certain bacteria have become resistant to antibiotic drugs this is an example of what process?

Answer 65

natural selection

Question 66

why should you finish taking all antibiotics prescribed for a bacterial infection?

Answer 66

so that all the bacteria causing the infection have to be killed so the surviving minority don't become resistant.

Question 67

what is MRSA

Answer 67

a bacterial infection that is resistant to most commonly used antibiotics.