The Final Material

Question 0

1. Reduce pressure and rate of flow
2. Utilize care in raising vessels
3. Use gauze or similar material to tie off vessels to prevent cutting or other damage
4. Proper selection of size of injection and drainage tubes
5. Pre-Injection in certain cases (clots)
6. Supplemental Chemicals as a co-injection (anticoagulants)
7. Alternate injection and drainage or intermittent drainage
8. Sectional hypodermic injection to supplement arterial injection

Answer 0

Treatment for predisposing conditions

Question 1

Atheroma, 
Varices, 
Clots, 
Emboli, 
Arteriosclerosis, 
Thrombus, 
Hemorrhage, 
Endocarditis, 
Tuberculosis, 
Gangrene, 
Trauma, 
Asphyxiation, 
Pneumonia, 
Syphilis, 
Advanced Decomp 
are all \_\_\_\_

Answer 1

Predisposing Conditions

Question 2

Phlebitis
Congestive <3 Failure
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Renal Failure
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Cherry Red Appearance; Blood will not clot)
Lymph Vessel Obstruction
Burns (1st and 2nd Degree)
are all conditions \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 2

Conditions Associated with Edema

Question 3

Anasarca (generalized edema, scattered throughout the body)
Acites (edema of the peritoneal; abdominal cavity)
Hydrothorax (edema in the thoracic cavity)
Hydropericardium (edema around the pericardium)
Hydrocele (edema in a sac like structure like the scrotum)

Answer 3

Fluid Accumulation according to location

Question 4

Distention of tissue (increases secondary dilution)
Distortion of body contour
Possible leakage
Possible Desquamation (skin slip)

Answer 4

Embalming Complications

Question 5

Stronger than “normal” solution strength, especially to the area with edema
Possible sectional embalming by hypodermic injection
Elevation of extremities to allow for gravitation of edematous fluid
Special attention must be paid to the area in which edema is present
(the thoracic cavity in case of hydrothorax)
Restrictive cervical if areas below the head have edema
Case analysis will determine embalming procedures

Answer 5

embalming treatment

Question 6

Hemorrhage
Febrile Diseases
Emaciating Disease
Burns 
Refrigeration
Infectious Diseases
are all conditions predisposing to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 6

Dehydration

Question 7

Injection of Large volumes of chemicals
Moisture Retaining chemicals (Humectants)
Normal Strength Solution
Control Injection pressure and rate of flow
Alternate injection and drainage
Liberal application of massage cream
Light massage
Hypodermic Tissue Builder (Fillers)

Answer 7

Embalming treatment for Dehydration

Question 8

Any abnormal color change that is present in/on the body are ____

Answer 8

Discolorations

Question 9

_____ is a discoloration that appears on the human body during life, the fact that it remains after life is extinct will not cause a change of the classifications

Answer 9

Antemortem Discoloration

Question 10

_____ is a discoloration that appears on the body after death

Answer 10

Postmortem Discoloration

Question 11

Cause of discoloration…discoloration resulting from changes in the composition of ____ content or location

Answer 11

Blood

Question 12

1st Type of Blood Discoloration
_____ an abnormal color change caused by blood initially SEEN DURING LIFE and is located WITHIN THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

Ex:
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Cherry Red Skin)
Capillary Congestion (Active, Passive, Hypostatic)

Answer 12

Antemortem Intravascular

Question 13

2nd Type of Blood Discoloration
_____ an abnormal color change caused by blood SEEN AFTER DEATH and WITHIN THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

Ex:
Livor Mortis “Cadaveric Lividity”

Answer 13

Postmortem Intravascular

Question 14

3rd Type of Blood Discoloration
_____ an abnormal caused by blood that is SEEN DURING LIFE that is located OUTSIDE THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

Ex:
Ecchymosis (Medium Hemorrhage)
Petechia (Small Pinpoint Hemorrhage)
Hematoma (Large Tumor Like Hemorrhage)

Answer 14

Antemortem Extravascular

Question 15

4th Type of Blood Discoloration
____ an abnormal color change caused by blood ONLY SEEN AFTER DEATH located OUTSIDE THE VASCULAR SYSTEM and is considered the MOST PERMANENT discoloration

Ex:
Postmortem Stain

Answer 15

Postmortem Extravascular

Question 16

1. Flush the vascular system of the discoloring blood
2. If discoloration is localized, sectional arterial injection and venous drainage maybe used in part
3. Increased pressure and limited drainage
4. Sectional or local hypodermic injection of bleaching chemicals
5. May be lessened in its compresses saturated with a bleaching agent
6. If the discoloration area is swollen due to blood then puncture and channel the area that are in the direct outflow

Answer 16

General Treatment for Blood Discoloration

Question 17

Antemortem Discolorations which occur during the course of certain disease

1. Gangrene (Moist, Dry, Wet)
2. Jaundice (“Iceterus”)
3. Addison’s Disease (Bronzing skin; effects the adrenal glands… dead within a year’s time)
4. Meningitis
5. Lupus Vulgaris (TB of Skin)

Answer 17

Pathological Discolorations

Question 18

Antemortem or Postmortem discoloration which occur due to the deposit of matter on a body surface

1. Adhesive tape
2. Blood on the skin (antemortem or postmortem)
3. Grease/Oil
4. Ink
5. Iodine
6. Paint
7. Tobacco Tars

Answer 18

Surface Discoloring Agents

Question 19

1. Mechanical- used an adrading device and wash wit a suitable cleaning agent and soft clothing or brushes
2. Chemical- use a proper solvent

Answer 19

Methods of removal for surface discoloration

Question 20

1. May conceal signs of fluid distribution or diffusion

2. Some are more difficult to remove after tissues have firmed from embalming

Answer 20

Importance of pre-embalming removal