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A2 History Germany Question 3 > The German urban working class has grown steadily in importance and prosperity throughout the years 1871-1990’. How far do you agree? > Flashcards

The German urban working class has grown steadily in importance and prosperity throughout the years 1871-1990’. How far do you agree? Flashcards

1
Q

At the beginning of the Kaiserreich, what proportion of the population lived in rural villages , yet by 1914 due to rapid industrialisation, what proportion of the population lived in towns?

A

⅔ ⅔

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2
Q

Between which two dates was state socialism?

A

1883-89

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3
Q

What was the insurance act in 1883?

A

Sickness Insurance Act 1883

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4
Q

What did the Sickness Insurance Act 1883 provide for?

A

provided 12 weeks’ sick pay to 3 million workers

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5
Q

How did the Sickness Insurance Act 1883 work?

A

workers contributed ⅔ and employers contributed ⅓

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6
Q

What was the insurance act 1884

A

1884 Accident Insurance Act

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7
Q

What did the 1884 Accident Insurance Act give?

A

13 weeks’ payment financed by employers

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8
Q

what happened to the 1884 Accident Insurance Act and the 1883 Sickness Insurance act?

A

They were combined in 1886 to give protection to an extra 7 million workers

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9
Q

Which state socialism act gave pensions to all those over 70, or earlier if they were disabled?

A

1889 Old Age Pensions Act

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10
Q

Between which two dates did real wages increase by what percent?

A

25% between 1895 and 1913

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11
Q

What three things did Caprivi do for the working class?

A

Sunday work prohibited
Children under 13 couldn’t work
Women didn’t have to work more than 11 hours a week

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12
Q

What three things did Bülow do for the working class?

A

Accident insurance was extended 1900
Industrial courts were introduced in all large towns 1901
Ban on child labour was extended to all industries in 1903

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13
Q

How did trade union membership flourish?

A

50 000 in 1877 to 278 000 in 1891

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14
Q

Analyse the growth of union membership from 50 000 in 1877 to 278 000 in 1891?

A

Whilst this could show that the political importance of the Urban Work Class was becoming more important, it could equally be symptomatic of a continually troubled position.

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15
Q

Between 1875-1890 what happened to the SPD’s vote?

A

doubled to 1.5 million

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16
Q

What happened to the SPD’s Reichstag deputies between 1875-1890?

A

They grew from 12 to 35

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17
Q

Analyse the growth in the SPD votes to 1.5 million and the number of deputies to 35 by 1890?

A

Equally, though this improved their political representation, it could be indicative of a ‘hunger politics’ approach, driven to politics by a worsening position in society.

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18
Q

Industrialisation led to overcrowding and poor sanitation in the growing towns. What of all families were living in destitution?

A

30%

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19
Q

When were the anti-socialist laws?

A

1878

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20
Q

Under the anti-socialist laws, what socialist organisation including what were banned?

A

trade unions

21
Q

What kind of publications were banned under the anti-socialist laws?

A

Any socialist newspaper or publication

22
Q

Between 1878 and 1890, how many socialists were imprisoned?

A

1500

23
Q

What is a limation of the anti-soclaist laws?

A

The law was implemented differently in the Germans states and it didn’t prevent SPD members from Standing in elections and speaking freely in the Reichstag and the Länder.

24
Q

How would you describe the rise of the worker under bismarck?

A

They did well, the anti socialist laws that did happen only consolidated their support and their unity as a movement

25
Q

what were enshrined in the Weimar constitution?

A

Equal rights for the worker and the employer, determining working conditions and an 8 hour working day

26
Q

Between which two dates were conditions quite good for workers during Weimar?

A

1925-29

27
Q

Real wages increased by which percentages in which tow years?

A

Real wages increased by 9% in 1927 and 12% in 1928

28
Q

By 1927, how many million were recipients of unemployment relief?

A

17 million

29
Q

Analyse the 17 million people in receipt of unemployment benefit?

A

Whilst it is a symptom of a dangerous situation for workers, it does show how committed government was to helping them

30
Q

The rise of the Nazis and paramilitary units is emblematic of what?

A

the extent of the economic crisis

31
Q

What two things helped to reduce unemployment during the Nazis?

A

public works schemes such as the RAD and the re-armament process

32
Q

What social scheme was there under the Nazis and how significant was it?

A

The KDF holiday shame had given 9 million holidays by 1938.

33
Q

By 1935 unemployment had dropped from what to what million employed.

A

6 to 2.5

34
Q

what was there never in the Nazis which suggests that there was quite good conditions for workers and that they were perhaps content?

A

Never any worker rebellion

35
Q

What grew for the Nazis which suggests that workers supported what they were doing?

A

the proportion of workers who voted for the Nazis grew in the March 1933 election

36
Q

Working classes between 1929 and 1938 grew by what percentage suggesting improving conditions and status?

A

10%

37
Q

What two things did workers lose under the Nazis?

A

rights and a trade union after offices were raided on the 2nd May 1933

38
Q

Under Ley’s DAF, what was lost?

A

The ability to strike

39
Q

Did the Nazis improve things for the urban worker?

A

yes compared to the previous situations, but no during the wartime economy

40
Q

What fact about the decline in the population of rural communities shows the growth of the urban working class?

A

The Urban working classes grew significantly. The population in rural communities fell from 23.1% in 1950 to 8.3% in 1970.

41
Q

What fact about the FRG’s population structure shows how much the urban areas had grown?

A

By 1980, 74% of FRG citizens lived in communities of more than 10 000

42
Q

when was co-detemrinism?

A

1951

43
Q

When were works councils?

A

1852

44
Q

What is German for guest worker, the strongest case against the improving status of the domestic worker?

A

Gastarbeiter

45
Q

From which two countries were Gastarbeiters brought in?

A

Turkey and Greece

46
Q

In which two industries did Gastarbeiters fill Labour shortages?

A

Ship building and electricity

47
Q

How many million Gastarbeiters did the government recruit?

A

14 million

48
Q

How could you turn the Gastarbeiter into a positive?

A

in the short term facilitated the economic growth that benefitted all in the long term

49
Q

What could be said about the FRG?

A

Only good for workers compared to previous war time economy

A2 History Germany Question 3 (9 decks)

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