The Great Depression

Question 1

democratic contender in the election of 1932; part of the American Liberty League

Answer 1

Al Smith

Question 2

republican candidate for 1936 election

Answer 2

Alf Landon

Question 3

thought FDR needed to back down; included many wealthy business leaders and Al Smith

Answer 3

American Liberty League

Question 4

sold apples on corners to make money for families

Answer 4

Apple Sellers

Question 5

FDR’s first act as president; closed all financial institutions

Answer 5

Bank holiday

Question 6

October 24, 1929, people start dumping stocks, bull market to bear market, midday JP Morgan group temporarily stop stock crash, by evening things seem to stabilize

Answer 6

Black Thursday

Question 7

sell orders snowball in beginning of Great Depression

Answer 7

Black Tuesday

Question 8

nickname given to WWI veterans who marched on Washington

Answer 8

Bonus Army

Question 9

using credit or loans to buy stock

Answer 9

Buying on the margin

Question 10

part of new deal; run by Henry Hopkins

Answer 10

Civil Works Administration

Question 11

did conservation projects such as planting trees

Answer 11

Civilian Conservation Corps

Question 12

for unskilled workers; launch new type of strike; auto workers did sit down strike at General Motors Plant, staying 24hrs a day so they could not be replaced, supporters brought food and drink and took care of their families

Answer 12

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Question 13

part of the New Deal; FDR’s way of adding more justices to the supreme court

Answer 13

Court Packing

Question 14

photographed things in and around the dust bowl

Answer 14

Dorithea Lange

Question 15

began 1931; on the Great Plains; because of sodbusters, wind got top soil; Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas were worst; some dust storms went all the way to the Atlantic Oceans; the Oakies were people who went along Route 66 to California to escape the dust bowl

Answer 15

Dust Bowl

Question 16

is a distant cousin who he married in law school, she is his eyes and ears, wrote News Paper Column called ‘My Day’; Brain Trust was a group of Roosevelt’s intelligent people

Answer 16

Eleanore Roosevelt

Question 17

banks and make them sound; took US off gold standard

Answer 17

Emergency Banking Service

Question 18

1938; sets minimum wage, maximum hours, and overtime pay

Answer 18

Fair Labor Standards Act

Question 19

1935; part of new deal; designed to combat rural poverty

Answer 19

Farm Security Administration

Question 20

has his own national radio shows; critical of financial and bank leaders; also attacks Jewish bankers and such; eventually Catholic Church has to yank his show

Answer 20

Father Charles Coughlin

Question 21

government provides insurance of money up to $5000; made by Glass-Steagel Act

Answer 21

FDIC

Question 22

had an appealing personality; almost no Americans knew of his disability; used radio a lot, called Fire Side Chats

Answer 22

FDR

Question 23

radio talks given by Roosevelt to the people of the US; referred to as fireside due to the fact it made it seem like he was with the people

Answer 23

Fireside Chats

Question 24

many caused by stock market crash and unemployment

Answer 24

Foreclosures

Question 25

first woman appointed to the US Cabinet

Answer 25

Francis Perkins

Question 26

thought FDR wasn't doing enough for elder people; had idea for pension for those over sixty; did work out

Answer 26

Francis Townsend

Question 27

workers held the first sit down strike, where the workers sat down in their job spots so they couldn't be replaced

Answer 27

General Motors

Question 28

makes FDIC, government provides insurance of money up to $5000; Three R's Relief, Recovery, Reform

Answer 28

Glass-Steagal Act

Question 29

many volunteer relief programs were set up during the Depression; only source of help for many people

Answer 29

Going on relief

Question 30

rose 30%, triggering sense of optimism and reckless financial decisions

Answer 30

Gross National Product

Question 31

ran as republican in 1928; wants businesses to form voluntary associations to make the economy efficient; has business leaders make pledges for wages and employment, which they break; wants local states and city to start public work project (Hoover Dam); Emergency Committee for employment set up in 1930; 1931 got banks to set up National Credit Corporation to help smaller banks; none of these things work

Answer 31

Herbert Hoover

Question 32

they travel and hop trains; bulls were hired to chase them off

Answer 32

Hoboes

Question 33

temporary homes set up on outskirts of towns and parks; shacks made up of whatever material they can find

Answer 33

Hoovervilles

Question 34

known a Kingfish; put up Share Our Wealth Society; his goal was to get every family $5000 for a home and $2500 a year; did this with extremely heavy tax on the wealthy

Answer 34

Huey P. Long

Question 35

member of FDR's Braintrust; helped plan the New Deal

Answer 35

Hugh Johnson

Question 36

issues executive order for Bank Holiday; congress is called and forms the Emergency Banking Act to inspect banks and make them sound; took US off gold standard; Glass-Steagel Act makes FDIC, government provides insurance of money up to $5000; Three R's Relief, Recovery, Reform; Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to farm and all surplus grain destroyed, prices raise up 50%; National Recovery Act (NRA) wanted business leaders to sign waivers of fair competition along with minimum wage, eventually ruled unconstitutional; Public Works Admin. ran by secretary of interior Harold Ickes to build public stuff but not affective due to Ickes caution

Answer 36

Hundred Days

Question 37

Wheeler Howard Act; due to Americans, Indians are some of the poorest and weakest people; American Indian Defence Agency formed by John Collier which makes Indian land unable to sell and gives Indians limited rule over themselves

Answer 37

Indian Reorganization Act

Question 38

founded a school for the blacks that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University

Answer 38

Mary McCleod Bethune

Question 39

wanted business leaders to sign waivers of fair competition along with minimum wage, eventually ruled unconstitutional

Answer 39

National Industrial Recovery Act

Question 40

allows labor unions and insures people who wish to join a union can

Answer 40

National Labor Relations Act

Question 41

created by FDR; works Progress Administration was most important group

Answer 41

New Deal

Question 42

congress gave them 2 billion to give to major corporations; put 1.2 billion back into the economy; another 2 billion to help cities and states towards public work programs

Answer 42

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Question 43

1937-Roosevelt cut government spending , causing Federal Reserve Board to tighten credit; Unemployment skyrockets

Answer 43

Roosevelt Recession

Question 44

raised government oversight of banking; started more relief programs such as WPA

Answer 44

Second New Deal

Question 45

holds primary responsibility for enforcing federal securities laws and regulating stock exchanges

Answer 45

Securities and Exchange Comission

Question 46

first one at General Motors Plant, staying 24hrs a day so they could not be replaced, supporters brought food and drink and took care of their families; Michigan government was asked to intervene but would not, they shut off electricity and water, police intervene but are forced to leave when there's a riot

Answer 46

Sit-down Strike

Question 47

1930: imposed high taxes on imports; hoped American would buy only American based products; economics got worse as Britain retaliated by raising their tariffs as well; shuts down all global trade

Answer 47

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Question 48

1935; give pensions to those over 60; unemployment insurance and orphaned children social security; farmers, maids, teachers, nurses, social workers, librarians, and rail road workers were not covered

Answer 48

Social Security Act

Question 49

1933: literally transformed the South; program to develop resources of Tennessee River Valley; controversial because it puts Federal government against private businesses; brought electricity

Answer 49

Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 50

was most important group of the new deal; build a lot of hospitals, schools, and playground; gave money for theaters, art, oral history, writing projects; National Youth Administration gave millions to high school and college students

Answer 50

Works Project Administration