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Flashcards in The Harrying of the North Deck (26)
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1
Q

When was the Harrying of the North?

A

Winter of 1069-70

2
Q

Who had fled north in 1068?

A

Edwin, Morcar and Edgar Aetheling

3
Q

What did Edgar need in order to challenge William for his claim?

A

Military support

4
Q

Who supported Edgar’s claim?

A

King Malcom of Scotland

5
Q

Why did King Malcolm support Edgar?

A

He had recently married Edgar’s sister

6
Q

Who was murdered by a group of English rebels?

A

The Norman Earl of Northern Northumbria- Robert of Commines

7
Q

When was Robert of Commines murdered?

A

January 1069

8
Q

Who’s house was set on fire in January 1069?

A

Bishop of Durham

9
Q

Where did Edgar attack?

A

York city

10
Q

Who invaded the north of England and joined Edgar’s army?

A

Danish Vikings with 240 ships

11
Q

When did the Vikings invade to help Edgar?

A

Summer 1069

12
Q

Who did the Vikings join?

A

Earls Edgar Aetheling and Waltheof

13
Q

Who did the combined rebel army defeat?

A

A Norman army outside York and they captured York castle

14
Q

How did William get rid of the Vikings?

A

Paid them to abandon the English army and return to Denmark

Leaders Edgar and Waltheof were scattered

15
Q

Why did William need to teach the north a lesson?

A

Seek revenge for the death of Robert of Commines and send a message to the Saxons and Vikings that rebellions were not acceptable

16
Q

What land did William cover?

A

From the Humber to the Tees River

17
Q

What did William do to the north?

A

Deliberately laid waste to huge areas of land around York

Ordered the slaughter of all livestock, the burning of all crops and the salting of the land

18
Q

What was the Harrying of the North?

A

William’s response to the Northern rebellions

19
Q

What were the immediate consequences?

A

Farmers’ loss of income and starvation of peasants across the region

20
Q

In the Domesday Book, was what % of Yorkshire was recorded as waste? (Meaning it’s was unpopulated and not used for farming)

A

80%

21
Q

When was the Domesday Book written?

A

1086

22
Q

What had William removed?

A

The threat of rebellion in the north once and for all- he faced little trouble from Yorkshire again during his reign

23
Q

How many were killed?

A

100,000

24
Q

What did the Harrying of the North not mark however?

A

The end of rebellions against William elsewhere in the country

25
Q

What did some resort to?

A

Cannibalism

26
Q

What did William decide to replace the English aristocracy with in 1070?

A

Normans