The Heart Flashcards
(49 cards)
In which part of the mediastinum is located the heart ?
In the middle mediastinum
Name on structure located in the superior mediastinum
The aortic arch
What is the basic function of the heart ?
Circulation pump to transport the blood around the body
Where is located the apex of the heart
Inferiorly, anteriorly, in the direction of the left hip
Located between 6th and 5th ribs
Apex forms an angle of 45° with the mid sternal line (horizontal)
Can you tell more about the heart’s location
In the inferior, middle mediastinum Behind the sternum On the diaphragm Extends obliquely From 2nd rib to 5th intercostal cartilage Apex to left hip Base to right shoulder
What marks the anatomical subdivision between inferior and superior vena cava ?
The border between superior and inferior mediastinum, delimited by sternal angle
What is the basic difference between veins and arteries ?
Veins are structures arriving to the heart
Arteries are structures arising from the heart
What are the basic and synthesized functions of each sides of the heart ?
Left side communicates the heart to systemic circulation
Right side communicates the body to pulmonary circulation
Which ventricule is bigger
The left ventricle is bigger and stronger and needs to generate more pressure
To which heart’s structures are veins linking ?
To the atriums
From which heart’s structure are arteries arising ?
Ventricules
Describe the circulation in the right side of the heart
Oxygen poor blood arrives from body to heart through superior vena cava —> right atrium —> tricuspid valve —> right ventricule —> pulmonary valve —> pulmonary artery —> lungs
Describe the circulation on the left side of the heart
Oxygen rich blood arrives from the lungs through pulmonary viens —> left atrium —> mitral valve —> left ventricle —> aortic valve —> aorta —> body
Which structures of the heart are most visible from an anterior view ?
The right ventricle and atrium
The pulmonary vein
The aortic arch
What is the base of the heart ?
The posterior surface
What structures of the heart can we observe from a posterior view ?
Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricule Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Left pulmonary artery Right pulmonary artery Right pulmonary veins (2) Left pulmonary veins (2) Aortic arch
What is the name of blood vessels irrigating the heart ?
Coronary arteries arising from ascending aorta : —> right coronary artery —> right marginal artery —> left coronary artery —> left marginal artery —> left anterior descending artery
What are the anatomical subdivisions of the aorta
- ascending aorta
- aortic arch
- thoracic aorta
- abdominal aorta
What veins irrigate the heart ?
- great cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- left marginal vein
- left posterior ventricular vein
What is the basic role of cardiac valves ?
They regulate the passage of blood from one chamber to another
Prevent blood back flow (ensure that the blood flows in one direction)
Give the location, function and specificity of the tricuspid valve
Location :
Between right atrium and right ventricle
Function:
Prevents blood back flow from right ventricle to right atrium
Specificity :
Deoxygenated blood passes through
Composed of 3 cusps
Give the location, function and specificity of the mitral valve
Location :
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Function :
Prevents blood back flow from left ventricle to left atrium
Specificity :
Oxygenated blood flows through
Composed of 2 cusps
What are the 2 main types of valves ?
- atrioventricular :
Tricuspid (right side)
Mitral/ bicuspid (left side)
- semilunar : Pulmonary valve (right) Aortic valve (left)
What is a semi lunar valve ?
Cardiac valve composed of 3 cusps :
- tricuspid valve
- pulmonary valve
- aortic valve
