The Heart

Question 1

Apex

Answer 1

Pointed end of the heart.

Question 2

Base of the heart

Answer 2

Broad portion of the heart.

Question 3

Anterior surface

Answer 3

Deep to anterior chest of the heart wall

Question 4

Inferior surface.

Answer 4

Rests on the diaphragm.

Question 5

Right border of the heart.

Answer 5

Faces the right lung.

Question 6

Left border of the heart

Answer 6

Faces the left lung.

Question 7

Pericardium

Answer 7

Encloses the heart to hold it in place.
Consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium.
Functions: anchors the heart to the diaphragm. Protects the heart. Prevents overfilling of the heart.

Question 8

Serous pericardium

Answer 8

Composed of two layers of mesothelium.

Question 9

Outer parietal layer

Answer 9

Fused to the fibrous pericardium.

Question 10

Inner visceral layer

Answer 10

AKA: epicardium.

Fused to the surface of the heart.

Question 11

Layers of the heart wall

Answer 11

Epicardium- visceral later of the inner serous pericardium. Thin transparent outermost layer.
Myocardium- composed of involuntary cardiac muscle fibers that swirl around the heart. Inner surface of heart wall.
Endocardium- consists of endothelium and connective tissue. Inside the heart wall.

Question 12

Location of the heart

Answer 12

Located in the mediastinum.

Surrounded by a double layered pericardium (a serous membrane. ) visceral, parietal, and pericardial fluid.

Question 13

Epicardium

Answer 13

Also known as visceral layer of the inner serous pericardium; thin transparent outermost layer.

Question 14

Myocardium

Answer 14

Composed of involuntary cardiac muscle fibers that swirl around the heart into interlacing bundles.
Inner surface of the heart wall.

Question 15

Endocardium

Answer 15

Consists of endothelium and connective tissue.

Inside of the heart wall.

Question 16

Chambers of the heart

Answer 16

Includes to superior atria and two interior ventricles.

Question 17

What pumps blood into the lungs?

Answer 17

Right atrium and the right ventricle.

Question 18

What pumps blood into the rest of the body?

Answer 18

The left atrium in the left ventricle.

Question 19

Auricles

Answer 19

Small pouches on the anterior surface of each atrium that slightly release the capacity of each atrium.

Question 20

Sulci

Answer 20

Grooves that contain blood vessels and fat and separate the chambers.

Question 21

Deep coronary sulcus encircles

Answer 21

Most of the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles.

Question 22

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 22

Separates ventricles anteriorly

Question 23

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 23

Separates ventricles posteriorly

Question 24

Right atrium

Answer 24

Pumps blood into the lungs and forms the right border of the heart.
Receives blood from three veins. Superior vena cava, inferior Venna cava and the coronary sinus.

Question 25

Tricuspid valve

Answer 25

Right atrioventricular valve. Contains: chordae tendinae: tendon like structures. And papillary muscles: contract to make the valve move properly.

Question 26

Foremen ovale

Answer 26

In the interatrial septum separating the left and right atria. It is a oval depression forming the fossa Ovalle.

Question 27

Pectinate muscle

Answer 27

Make a flap called the right auricle

Question 28

Right ventricle

Answer 28

Pumps blood into the lungs. Blood pumps from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk. Right and left ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum.

Question 29

Difference between veins and arteries

Answer 29

Veins: moves blood towards the heart. Arteries: moves blood away from the heart.

Question 30

Interatrial septum

Answer 30

Wall between the right and left atria.

Question 31

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 31

Left and right pulmonary arteries. Prevents blood from flowing backwards.

Question 32

Left atrium

Answer 32

Forms the base. Receives oxygen needed blood from pulmonary veins. The blood goes from the left atrium to the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle.

Question 33

Left ventricle

Answer 33

Pumps blood everywhere but the lungs. Forms the apex. Blood flows from the left ventricle to the semi lunar valve to the aorta.

Question 34

Ligamentum ateriosum

Answer 34

Holds the aorta and pulmonary trunk together

Question 35

Myocardial thickness and function

Answer 35

The four chambers myocardial thickness varies according to each chambers function. Left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because there is more blood pumped in more areas. Atrial walls are thinner then ventricular walls because the aorta delivers low pressure blood short distance to the ventricles. Ventricular the walls are thicker than the atrial walls because the ventricles pump blood under high-pressure for great distances.

Question 36

Fibrous Skeleton of the heart

Answer 36

Fibrous skeleton of the heart consists of four dense connected tissue rings located between the atria and ventricles. See functions in notes.

Question 37

Operation of atrioventricular valves

Answer 37

Prevent blood flow from the ventricles back into the aorta.

Question 38

Operation of the semi lunar valve's

Answer 38

Allows ejection of blood from the heart to the arteries but prevents back flow of the heart into the ventricles. The bags are what stops the blood (they capture the blood)

Question 39

Systemic and pulmonary circulations

Answer 39

Left side: The pump for systemic circulation. Pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs out into the vessels in the body. Right side: The pump for the pulmonary circulation. Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs. Figure 20.7

Question 40

Coronary circulation

Answer 40

Flow of blood through many vessels that pierce the myocardium of the heart. Delivers oxygenated blood and nutrients to and removes CO2 and wastes from the myocardium.

Question 41

Left coronary artery

Answer 41

Left anterior descending artery | Circumflex artery

Question 42

Right coronary artery

Answer 42

Posterior descending artery

Question 43

Coronary sinus

Answer 43

All coronary veins joined together

Question 44

Coronary artery's

Answer 44

left coronary artery: supplies blood mostly to the left heart. (Anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex artery) Right coronary artery: supplies blood mostly to the right heart (atrial branches, marginal branches and posterior interventricular branch. )