The Heart Flashcards
The apex of the heart contracts the chest wall ____ : the heartbeat is most clearly felt her, and the site is called the ____.
Just below the left nipple;
Point of maximal intensity (PMI)
The serious membrane which surrounds the heart is called the ____, the parietal layer of which lines the ____ in which it is enclosed. The visceral layer forms the outer surface of the hearts ____.
Serous pericardium;
Fibrous pericardium;
Wall
The heart is found in ____ and two-thirds of it lies to the left of the ____ line.
The mediastinum;
Midsternal
The muscular wall of the heart (which accounts for most of the hearts mass) is called the ____.
Myocardium.
The hearts wall is composed of ____ blood-vessel-rich layers.
Three (3)
The central layer of the hearts wall is called the ____.
Myocardium
The outermost layer of the heart wall, the ____, is actually the ____.
Epicardium;
Visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
The muscle fibers of the hearts wall are joined into rope like structures arranged in circular bundles held together by the ____ of the heart.
Fibrous skeleton
In addition to reinforcing the mechanical structure of the heart, the fibrous skeleton of the heart also acts as ____ to control the direction of action potential propagation.
Electrical insulation.
The ____ of the heart is the widest part; the ____ is the narrow end, which points toward the left hip.
Base;
Apex
The inner lining of the heart and of blood vessels is a layer of squamous epithelium referred to as the ____.
Endothelium
The two uppermost chambers of the heat are the ____.
Atria
The two lowermost chambers of the heart are the ____.
Ventricles.
The partition that separates the left and right chambers of the heart is called the ____. The upper part is the ____, and the lower part is the ____.
Septum;
Interatrial septum;
Interventricular septum
The septa which separates the chambers of the heart create indentations called ____ (the plural of ____) which are visible on the hearts surface.
Sulci;
Sulcus
The shallow groove separating the atria from the ventricles is called the ____ or ____.
Atrioventricular groove;
Coronary sulcus.
The shallow grooves which mark the separation between the ventricles are the ____ (in the front) and the ____ (in the back).
Anterior interventricular sulcus;
Posterior interventricular sulcus.
The sulci of the heart serve as channels in which ____ lie.
Blood vessels OR coronary arteries and veins.
Inside, the ____ walls of the atria are smooth, while the ____ walls are ridged due to the presence of the comb-like strands of muscle called the ____ muscle.
Posterior;
Anterior;
Pectinate
In the fetal heat, there is an opening between the two atria called the foremen ovale. The shallow indentation in the interatrial septum which marks this location in the adult is the ____.
Fossa ovalis
The purpose of the muscular wall of each ____ is simply to pump blood from one chamber to the next, and so not much muscle is required.
Atrium.
The right atrium receives blood from at least three veins: the superior and inferior ____ and the ____.
Vena cavae;
Coronary sinus.
The ____ returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm.
Superior vena cava.
The ____ returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm.
Inferior vena cava.
