The Heart

Question 1

what divides the anterior and posterior divisions of the tricuspid valve on the external surface of the heart?

Answer 1

Sulcus terminalis

Question 2

what divides the anterior and posterior divisions of the tricuspid valve on the internal surface of the heart?

Answer 2

Crista Terminalis

Question 3

Which side of the right atrium has a smooth wall?

Answer 3

Posterior wall

Question 4

Which side of the right atrium has a ridged, muscular wall?

Answer 4

Anterior wall

Question 5

what is another name for the smooth posterior wall of the right atrium?

Answer 5

Sinus Venarum (derived from embryological sinus venous)

Question 6

Where does the fossa ovalis lie?

Answer 6

intraatrial septum

Question 7

What are trabeculae carneae?

Answer 7

Muscular columns in the right and left ventricle

Question 8

What name is given to the smooth outflow tract of the right ventricle?

Answer 8

Conus Arteriosus or Infundiulum

Question 9

Do the trabeculae carneae lie on the inflow or outflow tract of the ventricle?

Answer 9

Inflow Tract = muscular wall.

Question 10

how many parts are there to the intraventricular septum?

Answer 10

2 parts:

• Thick muscular part - inferior
• Thin membranous part - superior

Question 11

What are the septomarginal trabecular?

Answer 11

Specialist trabecula containing right bundle to anterior wall of the right ventricle

Question 12

Where are musculi pectanati found?

Answer 12

Atria

- right more than left

Question 13

how many cusps does the mitral valve have?

Answer 13

2 cusps

Question 14

what is the name given to the smooth outflow tract of the left ventricle?

Answer 14

Aortic Vestibule

Question 15

How many cusps does the aortic valve have?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

where do the coronary arteries arise?

Answer 16

immediately superior to the aortic valve - right and left aortic cusps

Question 17

At what stage in the cardiac cycle do the coronary arteries fill?

Answer 17

Diastole

Question 18

What is the coronary sulcus?

Answer 18

Groove between atria and ventricle

Question 19

What are the 2 major branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 19

Right marginal Branch

Posterior interventricular/Posterior Descending artery

Question 20

What are the 3 major branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 20

Left Anterior Descending Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Marginal Artery

Question 21

Which artery does the posterior descending artery come from?

Answer 21

RCA

Question 22

Which artery does the circumflex artery come from?

Answer 22

LCA

Question 23

where does the coronary sinus travel?

Answer 23

Between the left atrium + left ventricle (coronary sulcus)

Question 24

how many tributaries does the coronary sinus have?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

where does the great cardiac vein lie?

Answer 25

Anterior interventricular groove | travels posteriorly to drain into coronary sinus

Question 26

where does the middle cardiac vein lie?

Answer 26

Posterior inter ventricular groove

Question 27

where does the posterior cardiac vein lie?

Answer 27

Left Margin of the heart | Drains into great cardiac vein

Question 28

Where does the small cardiac vein lie?

Answer 28

Right side of the heart

Question 29

which vein lies in the anterior interventricular groove?

Answer 29

Great cardiac vein

Question 30

which vein lies in the posterior interventricular groove?

Answer 30

Middle cardiac vein

Question 31

which vein lies on the left side of the heart?

Answer 31

Posterior cardiac vein

Question 32

Which vein lies on the right side of the heart?

Answer 32

Small Cardiac vein

Question 33

where do the thesbian veins drain?

Answer 33

into the right atrium directly

Question 34

what are the thesbian veins?

Answer 34

umerous small veins running over the surface of the heart they drain into the heart itself

Question 35

what is the definition of the ejection fraction?

Answer 35

stroke volume divided by end diastolic volume

Question 36

which coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus?

Answer 36

Right

Question 37

which coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus?

Answer 37

Left

Question 38

which coronary artery arises from the right posterior aortic sinus?

Answer 38

none

Question 39

what happens at phase 0 of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 39

Rapid sodium influx

Question 40

what happens at phase 1 of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 40

Small efflux of potassium

Question 41

what happens at phase 2 of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 41

Slow influx of calcium

Question 42

what happens at phase 3 of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 42

efflux of potassium

Question 43

what happens at phase 4 of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 43

sodium/calcium efflux, potassium influx

Question 44

what action causes the plateau phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 44

Calcium influx

Question 45

in patients with metallic heart valves on intravenous heparin - how long before the operation should the infusion be stopped?

Answer 45

6 hours prior

Question 46

where is the SA node located in the heart?

Answer 46

near superior end of sulcus terminals

Question 47

where is the AV node located in the heart?

Answer 47

posterior-inferior region of interatrial septum