The Heart & Respiration M6

Question 1

This illness occurs in childhood and can lead to the damage of the heart valves. What is it?

Answer 1

Rheumatic Fever/Chorea (St Vitus dance)

Question 2

Which illness can cause spasmodic involuntary movements, e.g jerky limbs/tonge?

Answer 2

Chorea

Question 3

The DOH (Department of health) recommend that AB cover is no longer necessary, true or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In rare cases AB cover maybe recommended, who would be involved in this decision?

Answer 4

Consent of the Cardiologist

Question 5

What is the purpose of Antibiotic Prophylaxis (AB cover)?

Answer 5

to prevent bacteria entering the blood stream during invasive procedures

Question 6

If bacteria was to enter the blood stream, what could it cause?

Answer 6

Infective Endocarditis

Question 7

When patients complain of pain and tightness across the left arm and to the neck and Jaw, with shortness of breath and nausea what medical condition is this?

Answer 7

Angina

Question 8

What causes Angina?

Answer 8

Lack of blood in the coronary artery, due to narrowing of the blood vessel

Question 9

What drugs are used to treat angina?

Answer 9

GTN (Glyceryl Trinatrate) spray 0.4mg - sublingually

Question 10

What dental precautions do you take for Angina?

Answer 10

Make sure medications are available
LA without adrenaline
Patient upright in chair

Question 11

When there is a complete blockage in the Coronary Artery and there is no oxygen going to the heart, and can lead to a heart attack. What medical condition is this?

Answer 11

Coronary Thrombosis

Question 12

What drugs are used for Coronary Thrombosis?

Answer 12

Anticoagulants, Heparin, Warfrin

Question 13

What precautions are taken for Coronary Thrombosis?

Answer 13

Pt must see GP for INR check

Question 14

What does INR stand for?

Answer 14

International Normalised Ratio

Question 15

Hypertension (high BP), Ischemic & Heart Disease are what types of disorders?

Answer 15

Heart failure (Attack)

Question 16

What drugs are used for heart attack/failure

Answer 16

Aspirin
Digoxin

Question 17

What does Digoxin do?

Answer 17

Slows the heart rate

Question 18

What precautions are taken for heart failure?

Answer 18

LA without adrenaline

Question 19

What precautions would you take for a patient with a pace maker?

Answer 19

No ultrasonic machines

Question 20

What precautions would you take for a patient who has had a heart bypass?

Answer 20

None, AB cover not needed

Question 21

What precautions would you take for a patient who has had a prothetic valve replacement?

Answer 21

Contact the patients cardiologist before treatment

Question 22

When there is a black flow of blood in the heart, (valve/septal) audible through a stethoscope, what is this called?

Answer 22

A heart Murmur

Question 23

What is Hypertension?

Answer 23

High Blood Pressure

Question 24

What drug is used for Hypertension?

Answer 24

Nefedipine (Adalat)

Question 25

What precautions are taken for hypertension?

Answer 25

Good OH advice LA without adrenaline

Question 26

What OH issues can Nifedipine cause?

Answer 26

gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth)

Question 27

Haemophilia, Christmas disease, Hodgkin's disease and scurvy are examples of what medical condition?

Answer 27

Bleeding disorders

Question 28

What causes bleeding disorders?

Answer 28

The clotting mechanism is disrupted and the patient is more prone to bleeding or haemorrhage

Question 29

What medical condition is the inadequate production of red blood cells, usually due to iron deficiency, lack of b12 or blood loss?

Answer 29

Anaemia

Question 30

What oral conditions can be caused by anaemia?

Answer 30

Angular Chilitis or balding tounge

Question 31

What medical condition is a hereditary condition where the red blood cells are sickle shaped, resulting in the reduction of oxygen?

Answer 31

Sickle Cell Anaemia

Question 32

What precautions should be taken with patients who have sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 32

Sickledex test performed by doctor Plan GA and avoid LA in dental practices

Question 33

What medical conditions is when there is an increase of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes)

Answer 33

Leukaemia

Question 34

What precautions are taken for patients who have Leukaemia?

Answer 34

Avoid extractions and invasive procedures - avoid radiographs

Question 35

What three medical conditions are respiratory disorders?

Answer 35

Asthema, Hay fever, Tuberculosis

Question 36

This medical condition is a Bronchial constriction usually due to an allergic reaction, what is it?

Answer 36

Asthma

Question 37

What drugs are used for Asthma?

Answer 37

Ventolin, Becotide, Seritide (inhalers) and steriods

Question 38

This medical condition is caused by the inhalation of rod shaped bacteria in infected sputum (saliva), it is very infectious. What is it?

Answer 38

Tuberculosis

Question 39

What possible treatments are used for Tuberculosis?

Answer 39

Chemo, Antibiotics and rest

Question 40

What precautions are taken against Tuberculosis?

Answer 40

Staff vaccinated against TB

Question 41

Patients who are on renal dialysis, require extra care during extractions, due to a reduction in immunity. What drug may they be on?

Answer 41

Cyslosporin

Question 42

What may Cyslosporin cause in the mouth?

Answer 42

Gingival hyplasia

Question 43

Thirst, Halitosis, increased urine output, loss of weight and tiredness are symptoms of what medical contain?

Answer 43

Diabetes

Question 44

Why might a patient with diabetes, have treatment soon after a meal?

Answer 44

To prevent hypoglycaemia

Question 45

What is Petit Mal Epilepsy?

Answer 45

mainly in children, mental blank, loss of awareness and often short-lived

Question 46

What is Grand Mal Epilepsy?

Answer 46

Major, pt usually has a warning of the attack, e.g. flash of light. Consciousness if lost.

Question 47

During an epileptic seizure, the muscles and body become rigid, the back may arch and the lips may go blue. It lasts approx. 30 seconds, what epileptic phase is this?

Answer 47

Tonic Phase

Question 48

Localised swelling in a patient's mouth (who is pregnant) is know as what?

Answer 48

Pregnancy Epulis

Question 49

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 50

3