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Gross Anatomy > The Hip > Flashcards

The Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Hip Joints

  • type
  • bones
  • articulations
A
  • Ball and socket joint
  • Coxal bones (from ilium, ischium, and pubis)
  • Articulate with the sacroiliac joints
  • Articulate with each other at pubic symphysis
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2
Q

What is the hip’s most stable position?

A

-Locked, extended

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3
Q

Center of Gravity

  • location
  • projection with relation to hip, knee, and ankle
A
  • Halfway between anterior superior iliac spine and in front of the 2nd sacral vertebrae
  • Force of gravity projects inferiorly- lies posterior to hip, anterior to knee, anterior to ankle
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4
Q

Lumbar Plexus Nerves:
Branches (origin)
Sensory to…
Motor to…

A

Branches: iliohypogastric (L1), ilioinguinal (L1) –> genitofemoral (L1,2), Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2,3), Femoral (L2-4), Obturator (L2-4)
Sensory: gluteal region, anterior/lateral/medial thigh, medial leg
Motor: muscles of anterior/medial thigh compartment

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5
Q

Sacral Plexus Nerves:
Branches (origin)
Sensory to…
Motor to…

A

L4 and L5 + ventral rami S1-4 = lumbosacral trunk
Branches: Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, posterior femoral cutaneous, sciatic, nerve to the piriformis, nerve to the quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus, nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus
Sensory: posterior thigh, most leg, all of foot
Motor: gluteal muscles, hamstrings, muscles of leg and foot

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6
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

synovial

reinforced by sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments (stability)

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7
Q

Gluteal Region muscles (Innervation)

A

Gluteus Maximus (Inf Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Gluteus Medius (Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Gluteus Minimus (Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Tensor Fascia Lata (Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1)
Small Posterior hip lateral rotators
-Piriformis (nerve to piriformis-S1,2)
-Inf Gemellus (nerve to quadratus femoris-L5,S1)
-Sup Gemellus (nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1)
-Obturator Internus (nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1)
-Quadratus Femoris (nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1)
Obturator Externus (obturator-L2-4)

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8
Q

Gluteus Maximus (Innervation)

A

Inf Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1

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9
Q

Gluteus Medius (Innervation)

A

Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1

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10
Q

Gluteus Minimus (Innervation)

A

Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1

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11
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata (Innervation)

A

Sup Gluteal Nerve-L4,5, S1

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12
Q

Piriformis (Innervation)

A

nerve to piriformis-S1,2

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13
Q

Inf Gemellus(Innervation)

A

nerve to quadratus femoris-L5,S1

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14
Q

Sup Gemellus(Innervation)

A

nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1

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15
Q

Obturator Internus(Innervation)

A

nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1

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16
Q

Quadratus Femoris(Innervation)

A

nerve to obturator internus-L5,S1

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17
Q

Obturator Externus(Innervation)

A

obturator-L2-4

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18
Q

Innervation of gluteal region

A 
ALL from lumbosacral plexus
come through greater sciatic foramen
sup gluteal nerve
inf gluteal nerve
sciatic nerve
nerve  to obturator internus (and sup gemellus)
nerve to quadratus femoris (and inf gemellus)
posterior femoral cutaneous
nerve to piriformis
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19
Q

Which nerve comes in above the piriformis?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

Where do all lumbosacral nerves come through to reach the gluteal region?

A

greater sciatic foramen

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21
Q

What is the branching pattern of arteries in lower limb?

A

external iliac–> femoral–>deep femoral and popliteal–>anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular

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22
Q

sup/inf gluteal arteris branch from what?

A

internal iliac

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23
Q

What ligaments reinforce the hip joint?

A

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments

-limitexcessive extension, allow max flexion

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24
Q

which is the strongest ligament at the hip

A

iliofemoral (anterior and inferior regions of joint)

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25
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

A

prevents hyperextension due to COG

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26
Q

What does the acetabular ligament do?

A

increases depth of acetabulum

27
Q

Ligament of head of femur

A

carries blood to head of femur in kids

28
Q

where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

intertrochanteric line

29
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

weak, resists abduction

30
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

posterior portion of joint

resists extension and inward rotation

31
Q

flexion (hip)

A 
forward movement of hip
anterior thigh compartment muscles
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
(weight bearing= femur on pelvis)
(non-weight-bearing= pelvis on femur)
32
Q

extension (hip)

A

backward movement of hip
posterior thigh compartment muscles (hamstrings)
gluteus maximus
restricted by iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

33
Q

abduction(hip)

A

outward movement of hip

gluteus medius and minimus

34
Q

adduction(hip)

A

inward motion of hip

medial thigh compartment muscles (adductors)

35
Q

external rotatio (hip)

A

gluteus medius
lateral hip rotators (piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemelli, quadratus femoris)
greater trochanter moves posteriorly

36
Q

internal rotation (hip)

A

gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata
greater trochanter moves anteriorly

37
Q

Which muscles start hip flexion?

A

rectus femoris and sartorius

38
Q

Which muscle is the strongest hip flexor?

A

iliopsoas

39
Q

What are the hip adductor muscles?

A

pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracilis

40
Q

What causes waddling gait?

A

problem with hip adductor muscles

obturator nerve lesion

41
Q

What are the main hip abductor muscles?

A

gluteus medius and minimus

42
Q

What is the Trendelenburg sign? Caused by?

A

sag on non-weight bearing side
causes:
-radiculopathy at L5
-sup gluteal nerve lesion

43
Q

Iliopsoas

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • L1,L2

- flex hip

44
Q

Rectus Femoris

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • femoral

- initiate hip flexion

45
Q

Sartorius

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • femoral

- initiate hip flexion

46
Q

Adductors (LBM)

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • obturator

- adduct thigh at hip joint

47
Q

Gracilis

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • obturator

- adduct thigh at hip joint

48
Q

Hamstrings (BF, ST, SM)

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • sciatic

- extend hip

49
Q

Gluteus Maximus

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • inferior gluteal

- extend, abduct, lateral rotation of hip

50
Q

Gluteus Medius

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • superior gluteal

- abduct, lateral rotation

51
Q

Piriformis

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • nerve to piriformis

- lateral hip rotation

52
Q

Superior Gemellus

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • nerve to obturator internus

- lateral hip rotation

53
Q

Obturator Internus

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • nerve to obturator internus

- lateral hip rotation

54
Q

Inferior Gemellus

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • nerve to inferior gemellus

- lateral hip rotation

55
Q

Quadratus Femoris

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • nerve to inferior gemellus

- lateral hip rotation

56
Q

Gluteus Minimus

  • nerve
  • action
A
  • superior gluteal nerve

- abduct, medial rotation of hip

57
Q

what is Q angle?

A

normal angle of the hip ~

58
Q

where does the iliopsoas tendon insert?

A

lesser trochanter

59
Q

what is Cox vara deformity?

A

angle of hip <100
affected limb towards midline
affected limb shorter

60
Q

what is cox valga deformity?

A

angle >130
affected limb away from midline
affected limb longer

61
Q

what type of hip injury comes from dashboard trauma?

A

posterior dislocation-affected limb shorter
due to weakness posteriorly
head of femur driven out of acetabulum, pulled up by iliopsoas
limb rotates inward
can damage sciatic

62
Q

congenital hip dislocation

A

displacement of femur out of acetabulum
affected limb is shorter
limited abduction
treated by Pavlik harness (prevents hip extension and adduction, allows flexion and abduction)

63
Q

Femoral neck fracture

A

external rotation of hip by lateral hip rotators
femur pulled up by iliopsoas
injured limb shorter
can cause avascular necrosis of head of femur

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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