The Hip

Question 1

What is the functional classification of the hip joint?

Answer 1

Diarthroses

Question 2

What is the structural classification of the hip joint?

Answer 2

Synovial

Question 3

When is the hip close packed?

Answer 3

When it is fully extended

Question 4

When is the hip open packed?

Answer 4

Combined flexion, abduction and external rotation

Question 5

What are the three ligaments that connect the hip to the femur?

Answer 5

• Iliofemoral

• Pubofemoral

• Ischiofemoral

Question 6

Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 6

Attaches to the lower part of the AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine) and acetabulum to the intertrochanteric line

Question 7

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

Answer 7

It limits extension, adduction and external rotation of the hip

Question 8

Where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 8

Attaches from the iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line

Question 9

What does the pubofemoral ligament do?

Answer 9

Limits hip abduction, extension and external rotation

Question 10

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 10

Arises from the body of the ischium to the superior part of the neck and root of the GT (greater trochanter)

Question 11

What does the ischiofemoral ligament do?

Answer 11

Limits internal rotation and hip adduction

Question 12

What are the ranges of motion of the hip?

Answer 12

• Flexion 0-120º

• Extension 0-20º

• Abduction 0-60º

• Adduction 0-45º

• Internal rotation 0-30º

• External rotation 0-60º

Question 13

What muscles are hip flexors?

Answer 13

• Iliacus

• Psoas major

• Rectus femoris

• Pectineus

• Sartorius

Question 14

What muscles are hip extensors?

Answer 14

• Gluteus maximus

• Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

Question 15

What muscles are hip abductors?

Answer 15

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimus

• Tensor fascia latae

Question 16

What muscles are hip adductors?

Answer 16

• Adductor breves

• Adductor longus

• Adductor Magnus

• Gracilis

• Pectineus

Question 17

What muscles are hip external rotators?

Answer 17

• Gluteus maximus

• Gluteus medius (posterior part)

• Pirformis

• Obturator internus

• Obturator externus

• Quadratus femoris

• Gemellus inferior

• Gemellus superior

Question 18

What muscles are hip internal rotators?

Answer 18

• Gluteus medius (anterior part)

• Gluteus minimus (anterior part)

• Tensor fascia latae

Question 19

Where is the origin of semitendinosus?

Answer 19

Medial facet of the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberoisty

Question 20

Where does semitendinosus insert?

Answer 20

Medial surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

Question 21

What are the actions of semitendinosus?

Answer 21

Hip extension, knee flexion, and internal rotation of the knee

Question 22

What nerve innervates semitendinosus?

Answer 22

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

Question 23

Where is the origin of semimebranosus?

Answer 23

Upper lateral facet of the ischial tuberosity

Question 24

Where does semimebranosus insert?

Answer 24

Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle

Question 25

What are the actions of semimebranosus?

Answer 25

Hip extension, knee flexion and knee internal rotation

Question 26

What nerve innervates semimembranosus?

Answer 26

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

Question 27

Where is the origin of biceps femoris?

Answer 27

• Long head: lower medial facet of the ischial tuberosity • Short head: lower half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera

Question 28

Where does biceps femoris insert?

Answer 28

Predominantly on the head of the fibula with some fibres attaching to the lateral tibial condyle

Question 29

What are the actions of biceps femoris?

Answer 29

Hip extension, knee flexion and external rotation of the knee

Question 30

What three muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 30

Semitendinosus, semimebranosus and biceps femoris

Question 31

What three muscles make up the iliopsoas?

Answer 31

Psoas major, psoas minor and iliacus

Question 32

Where is the origin of psoas major?

Answer 32

Vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5

Question 33

Where does psoas major insert?

Answer 33

Lesser trochanter

Question 34

What are the actions of iliopsoas?

Answer 34

Predominantly hip flexion with some lumbar and lateral flexion

Question 35

What nerve innervates psoas major?

Answer 35

Anterior rami of L1, L2, L3 and sometimes L4

Question 36

Where is the origin of iliacus?

Answer 36

Upper 2/3rds of the iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 37

Where does iliacus insert?

Answer 37

Lesser trochanter

Question 38

What are the actions of iliacus?

Answer 38

Hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt

Question 39

What nerve innervates iliacus?

Answer 39

Femoral nerve (root value L2 and L3)

Question 40

Where is the origin of rectus femoris?

Answer 40

Anterior inferior iliac spine and roughened area above the acetabulum

Question 41

Where does rectus femoris insert?

Answer 41

Superior aspect of the patella and then via the ligamentum patellae to the tibial tuberosity

Question 42

What are the actions of rectus femoris?

Answer 42

Hip flexion and knee extension

Question 43

What nerve innervates rectus femoris?

Answer 43

Femoral nerve (roots L2, L3 and L4)