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MGT 301: Principles of Management > The History of Management > Flashcards

The History of Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is scientific management?

A

Thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job.

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2
Q

What is soldiering?

A

When workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output. Tell the rate buster to slow down.

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3
Q

What is a rate buster?

A

A group member whose work pace is significantly faster than the normal pace in his/her group. Usually is told by the other group members to slow down.

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4
Q

What is a motion study?

A

Breaking each task/job into its separate motions and then eliminating those motions that are unnecessary/repetitive.

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5
Q

What is a time study?

A

Timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their job.

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6
Q

What is a Gantt chart?

A

A graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project.

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7
Q

What is bureaucracy?

A

The exercise of control on the basis of experience, expertise, or knowledge. Having the most qualified person(s) be in charge.

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8
Q

What is domination?

A

An approach to dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its objectives and desires at the expense of the other party’s objectives and desires.

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9
Q

What is compromise?

A

An approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach an agreement on a plan to reduce or settle a conflict.

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10
Q

What is integrative conflict resolution?

A

An approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties indicate their preference and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

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11
Q

What is a system?

A

A set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole. ex: The whole company.

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12
Q

What is a subsystem?

A

A smaller system that operates within the context of a larger system. ex: The HR department in a company.

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13
Q

What is synergy?

A

When two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart. ex: The adhesive department and the printing department working side-by-side when making books.

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14
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system that can sustain itself without interacting with its environment.

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15
Q

What is an open system?

A

A system that can sustain itself only by interacting with its environment, on which it is dependent for its survival.

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16
Q

What is the contingency approach?

A

An approach that holds that there are no universal management theories and that the most effective management idea or theory depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

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17
Q

What led to the advent of management?

A

The Industrial Revolution.

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18
Q

What two industries were most people involved in before the Industrial Revolution?

A
  1. Agriculture.
  2. Cottage industries.
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19
Q

What are cottage industries?

A

Groups of families that each take one part of the production process for creating a product.
ex: A shears the sheep, B Spins the wool, C dyes the wool, D weaves, etc.

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20
Q

What allowed low-paid, unskilled workers to replace high skilled artisans?

A

Power availability.

21
Q

Who are the 3 (really 4 figures) that contributed to scientific management?

A
  1. Taylor.
  2. The Gilbreths.
  3. Gannt.
22
Q

What are the 4 tenets of Taylorism?

A
  1. Develop a science for each aspect of a man’s work.
  2. Scientifically select, train, teach, and develop the workman.
  3. Heartily cooperate with the men to ensure all work gets done.
  4. Managers are made for certain work and workers are made for certain work.
23
Q

What do Gannt charts help with?

A

Planning, efficiency, and saving money.
*In almost all project software.

24
Q

Who is associated with bureaucratic management?

A

Weber.

25
Q

What did Weber believe about bureaucratic management?

A

It would allow for people to be led by a virtue of rational-legal authority. Some of this authority was given to the workers.

26
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of bureaucratic management?

A
  1. Qualification-based hiring.
  2. Managers are separate from the owners. Owners are not the managers.
  3. Merit-based promotion.
  4. Procedures and rules are put down in writing. Enforces accountability.
  5. Clear chain of command.
  6. Impartial application of rules and procedures.
  7. Division of labor.
27
Q

Who is associated with administrative management?

A

Henri Fayol.

28
Q

What did Henri Fayol believe?

A

A manager’s administrative skills are more important than their technical skills. The success of the company relies on this.

29
Q

What does Espirit de corps translate to?

A

Feelings of pride, comradery in an organization you work for/are a part of.

30
Q

What 3 figures are associated with Human Resources Management?

A
  1. Mayo.
  2. Follett.
  3. Barnard.
31
Q

What is conflict?

A

The appearance of differences between opinions and interests.

32
Q

What did Follet set ground work for?

A

Contemporary conflict resolution.

33
Q

What did Follett theorize about?

A

Power, leadership, control, authority, and coordination.

34
Q

What was Mayo’s approach to the Hawthorne Studies?

A

A scientific management/efficiency approach.

35
Q

What was the experimental design of the Hawthorne Studies?

A

Groups of women were provided with different levels of overhead lighting while doing work. The control group was where overhead lighting was kept the same.

36
Q

What was the initial conclusion of the Hawthorne Studies?

A

Productivity increased for all groups. This led to the initial conclusion: If workers are watched, they are more productive.

37
Q

How did monitoring the workers doing simple tasks affect their productivity?

A

Productivity increased.

38
Q

How did monitoring workers doing complex tasks affect their productivity?

A

Productivity decreased.

39
Q

What was discovered as the study was expanded/revisited?

A

It was found that the human factors related to work were more important than physical conditions or the design of the work. Also, financial incentives were not the most important for motivating workers.

40
Q

What did the Hawthorne Studies lead to?

A

Group social interactions, employee attitudes and employee satisfaction were better understood by managers.

41
Q

What is an organization?

A

A system of concisely coordinated activities or forces of 2+ people.

42
Q

What were the 3 things Barnard saw as being key to an organization?

A
  1. Work heard, get equally rewarded.
  2. Valuing and respecting your leader as a person?
  3. Penalty for lack of completion.
43
Q

What are the 3 people (2 people and 1 company) associated with operations management?

A
  1. Whitney.
  2. Monge.
  3. Oldsmobile.
44
Q

What was Whitney’s contribution to operations management?

A

Interchangeable parts, allowing for mass production because of standardized parts. Initially used in guns

45
Q

What was Monge’s contribution to operations management?

A

A technique for drawing 3-D structures on 2-D paper. Allowed for better and easier product designing.

46
Q

What was Oldsmobile’s contribution to operations management?

A

Hand-to-mouth or just in time inventory. Made manufacturing more cost effective,

47
Q

What is hand-to-mouth or just in time inventory?

A

Getting the supplies you need to do a full day’s work the night before or the morning of.

48
Q

What is information management?

A

Constantly innovating and improving to try to reduce the cost and increase the speed of how you acquire, retrieve, and disseminate information.

MGT 301: Principles of Management (11 decks)

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